In the previous lesson, Karen explained the logic behind AND, NAND, OR, NOR, NOT, XOR, and XNOR logic gates. In that episode, we also learned that logic gates are typically contained in IC chips, with multiple gates within each chip. For this episode’s project, Karen has decided to throw out the ICs, and instead, use transistors to create each logic gate, further demonstrating how the logic of each gate type works. Follow along to continue the journey of understanding logic gates through the use of transistors. Solder along and you’ll end up with a tidy little project contained within a couple of Altoid tins! In the end, Karen dares you to try your hand at creating the more complicated XOR and XNOR gates out of transistors. Are you up to the challenge?