After more than 15 years of calm, Galileo got into trouble in 1632–1633 because of his book Dialogue on the Two Chief World Systems. In the end, he abjured the motion of the Earth as a false doctrine and spent the rest of his life under house arrest. This lecture examines this latter phase of the Galileo affair, presents explanations of the events, and looks at how these events have been used, abused, and reexamined down to the present day. Of particular importance are the arguments made on both sides about the relative intellectual roles of science and faith and the levels of certainty we can have about each.