In the summer of 2023, the Ukrainian Armed Forces launched a major military counteroffensive against occupying Russian forces across the eastern front in Ukraine. It was one of the biggest military operations to have taken place in Europe since the Second World War and involved the participation of hundreds of thousands of troops on both sides. Ukraine's forces were heavily equipped and trained by Western and NATO militaries for the offensive, while the Russians spent months heavily digging in and fortifying their lines with thousands of miles of trenches, minefields, and artillery dugouts. For months the Ukrainian forces battered against the Russian frontline to little avail, and after months worth of extremely heavy fighting, little ground was gained. This video attempts to explore the reasons why.