Note: This is NOT high yield for the PTEeXAM. This lecture describes a series of cases. While these cases provide important information on management of difficult scenarios, this information is not extremely important for the exam. If you are pushed for time we suggest you ignore these lectures. If you are a cardiothoracic anesthesiologist and you enjoy a discussion of interesting cases, you might enjoy these cases. If you have any questions feel free to contact me at Tommy@ptemasters.com Thanks and Take Care, TB