The streets of the Roman Empire were not unlike those of modern cities, where crime could be encountered around every corner. Yet, the way in which ancient Romans handled law and order was deeply embedded in the social fabric of the time. What was crime in ancient Rome? Was it defined by law or social attitudes? How did damage to the individual differ from offences against the community as a whole? Punishment was an integral element of the Roman justice system and as controversial as it is today. From petty theft to more severe crimes, the Roman legal system was complex and multifaceted, reflecting the values and norms of Roman life. Understanding the intricate dance between crime and punishment in this era offers a window into the everyday lives and fears of ancient Romans.