Are there not many proven “missing links” between apes and humans in the fossil record? A careful examination of all of the proposed “missing links” between apes and humans reveals that all of them are either ape, human, or “make believe.” Those that belong to the “make believe” category belong there either because they were deliberate frauds, like Piltdown Man, or invalid combinations of human and ape elements, like the Australopithecine ape Lucy.