Mushrooms are a representative food of autumn. Japan is a major mushroom country, so much so that it is said to eat the most mushrooms in the world. Japanese people have enjoyed a diversity of mushrooms through a variety of dishes from long ago. Mushroom hunting has become a leisurely activity for autumn that even children can enjoy. A mushroom that tastes and smells just like matsutake, which has been said to be impossible to artificially cultivate, has appeared. We investigate the cools of Japan’s mushroom culture.