How does Bitcoin work?. It's Like a Candy Bar (or Fig Bar) if you want to be healthy. Imagine You and I are at the school cafeteria, and I have bag of M&M’s with me. I give it to you. I gave you the bag. You received the bag. I have no M&M’s and now you have exactly one bag of M&M’s. Transaction done. Straight forward. We don’t need anyone to verify what just happened. You have the bag and I don’t. Now imagine that I have a digital M&M’s. And I want to give it to you. It is just a bunch of numbers in a computer file attached to an email. I send it to you. Now you have the digital M&M’s and I don’t right? Well, not exactly. What if I sent that email to you and CC’s 10 other people. How will you know who got the original M&M’s. The one I sent you could be fake, right? Ah ha…this is essential problem that digital currencies have had. And that cryptocurrency now solves, and this is what makes it so special. If you could have had your best friend, Jimmy be by my side to verify that I only emailed you the digital M&M’s first, and no one else, you would be satisfied, right? But your best friend can not always be by my side to verify. And what if I gave him $10 to lie for me? Instead, cryptocurrency solves this problem in even a better way… What if the general public was by my side to verify that I indeed sent that digital candy to you? I could not cheat because then everyone would be there to tell you that I cheated. I couldn’t pay everyone $10. And no ONE person would be responsible for this verification, so they could not collectively collude with me. The Bitcoin protocol solves this issue of verification in a similar way. Every transaction that has ever happened with a bitcoin is recorded in something called block chain. This block chain is made public and open source so that everyone has access to it and anyone can see it. Whenever a new transaction occurs on the bitcoin, a new block is added to the chain…but… But it has to be verified by everyone else that can see the
Life after death - as been asked for millenia. Is There Life After Death? What is the real truth? Let me ask you a question... do you remember what your life 150 years ago? Yes, precisely... you were not around 150 year ago. You have no recollection of it because you did not exist... yet. Similarly, 150 years from now, you will not be around to experience life. Once you die, your conscience ceases to exist. There is absolutely no evidence that your conscience lives on after you die, no matter what new age gurus, or various books have to say about it. Sure, there are people that have experienced -out of body-experiences, and seen a ͞bright light͟ when they felt they were almost dead. But all such experiences can be explained with they way our brains work, and the chemistry of our brains when it is under extreme stress or deprived or neutrients, and the like. I know that I am being a kill joy͟ to the millions of people that want to believe that they will continue to live on after they die in this world. But, I’m afraid the cold hard truth is - that there is absolutely no scientific evidence of life after death. It is highly improbable. But this is not bad news at all....the good news is....you are alive NOW! You have a chance to live the kind of life you want to live. It is a gift that you are a conscious being living on to day’s earth, at perhaps the greatest time for human beings. There is relative peace in the world, and a greater proportion of the people of the world is prosperous today than ever in our history. And you have a chance to make the best of it. You should.... because it is likely your ONLY chance.
Why is the sky blue? Well, it is not quite actually blue. Here's the story: The sun does not emit yellow light like you’ve been taught. It emits White light…and white light is made up of all the different colors of the rainbow. I can prove it to you by this glass of water. See how the sun’s light gets diffracted into its component colors? This diffraction happens because the light interacts with the water molecules and diffractsinto the different colors of light. Similarly, when the light from the sun goes through the earth’s atmosphere, It so happens that the white light from the sun gets scattered by the molecules in the air. Shorter wavelength light is scattered more than longer wavelength light. Violet and Blue are shorter wavelength than red, green, or yellow. These two colors are scattered the most so that is what you see… Wait…the sky is blue, I don’t see any violet you say? Ahhh…this is where your eyes deceive you. You should see violet…but…You see the receptors in your eyes most sensitive to red, green, and blue. Your eyes perceive violet as a combination of red and blue. The net effect is that what you “see” is mostly blue with a tinge of red. If you had dedicated violet receptors in your eyes, the sky would appear mostly violet with a tinge of blue. -Arvin Ash | Who Gives A Bleep
What is hell Like? If There Really Was a Hell, what would it be like? It’s not as difficult to imagine as you might think. Hell is supposed to be a place where you suffer for all eternity. What would this really be like? Let’s look at this logically. There are two types of suffering physical and mental…or emotional. And this suffering would be for eternity. Eternity is very, very long time. It is forever. In order to survive for eternity, we could not be in our current physical state. In other words, our bodies could not survive for eternity. If we are lucky, we might live to be 90 years old. The longest any person has ever lived was Jeanne Calment of France Who lived to be 122 years. But eternity is much much longer than that. Even 1 million years is nowhere close to eternity. A billion is not even close, 1 billion times a billion times a billion is not even close to forever. The point is our bodies could not survive for eternity. In fact, no material thing can survive for eternity…and here’s why: The universe is expanding at a very high rate (see my video on dark energy). Space is expanding and it is accelerating. At some point in the future, probably several trillion years from now, space will expand so much that even all the things in it will fly apart, including all molecules and atoms, and even the nuclei of atoms. This means that no material thing will survive for eternity. So, what will survive?...probably pure energy will survive for all eternity. So, since the requirement is that we must suffer for all eternity, we would need to be composed of pure energy. Now, there is absolutely no physical harm that can come to pure energy…because physical harm just means that you are putting some kind of energy into it. if you try to put energy into energy…the energy will just grow more energetic. You will not harm the energy you began with. And you could not kill this energy – it would exist forever. So physical harm wi
What is Dark Energy? Simply explained here. Almost 14 billion years ago, The Universe started as a big bang…from a point that was infinitesimally small. A colossal explosion occurred from a point smaller than the point on this pen. Like any explosion, scientists expected that over time the explosion would slow down until it stops. In a real world explosion, it’s the friction of the air and gravity that slows an explosion down. So similarly, it was expected that the big bang explosion would also be slowing down due to the effects of gravity counteracting the effect of this big-bang expansion. In the late 1990’s, two teams of scientists set out to measure this slow-down. They used the Hubble space telescope to look at type 1A supernova explosions. These special supernovae emit the same luminosity no matter where in the universe they are located, so they serve as standard candles. They used these supernovae to determine the slow-down of the big bang explosion. But what they discovered shocked these scientists. The results were so shocking that the scientists studying this did not themselves believe it. They had to double check, triple check and quadruple check their results, to make absolutely sure. But the results did not change. They found that not only is the expansion of the universe not slowing down, it is not even steady….the expansion of the universe is accelerating. The expansion is getting faster! This is a complete shock to astronomers and physicists…because this kind of acceleration implies that there must be an enormous amount of mysterious energy that is driving this expansion. There has to be energy because it has to push against all the gravity that is contained in the universe. And frankly, scientists have no idea what this energy is or where it is coming from. And when scientists have no idea about something…they call it “dark” Thus, this mysterious energy that is making the universe accelerate is expansion is called “dark e
Are we all related? Yes, in fact, all life is related. You Are Related to a Tomato! A lot of you know that apes and humans share a common ancestor – so you know you’re related to Bonzo the ape at your local zoo. But did you know that you ALSO share a common ancestor with a Tomato……. yeah…You are related to this tomato! You may have nieces, nephews and first and second cousins – you are all related because you have the same ancestor – in this case a grandmother or grandfather or great grandparent. Similarly, if you go back enough generations – the ape that you see at your local zoo and you share a common ancestor. But it turns out that our relationship to other living things goes much much deeper than you imagined. You see…All living things share the blueprint of life – that “blueprint” is a molecule called DNA. This orangutan and I share 97% of our DNA, and this chimp shares 99% of his DNA with me. But you probably already knew that…didn’t you? That we all come from apes – well, to be accurate We share a common ancestor with apes that lived probably about 3-6 million years ago. Just like you and your drunk -- 2nd cousin Bobby have the same ancestor – a great grandfather who lived maybe 100 years ago. But did you know that we also share a common ancestor with this Tomato!!!!! Truth is…There is only one type of DNA made up of only 4 different types of molecules called nucleotides. And all living things – plants and animals, are based on this SAME DNA. The only difference is the order…or sequence of these bases, that determines the differences in living things. By sequencing the genes of various organisms, researchers have found that ALL living things – plants, animals share common DNA sequences. This confirms the mind blowing truth that all living things shared a common ancestor. This common ancestor that lived probably 3 to 4 billion years ago, when earth was in its infancy. This was probably a one celled organism. And all the diversity of li
When will be run out of oil? Why haven’t we run out of oil already? In 1977, President Jimmy Carter went on TV and declared that the biggest crisis that we were going to face in our lifetime was going to be running out of oil. He couldn’t have been more wrong…Yes we have been burning more of it almost every year since 1977. But we have more oil now than we did in 1977, and we may never run out. How is that possible? In 1977, people knew only of the then current oil reserves, and knowing our consumption rate, with some quick math, you could easily figure out that we would run out of oil within 40 years, …or about now…that…seems pretty laughable now. What they didn’t know then is how vast our oil reserves actually are. It turns out the earth has a much larger amount of oil than we ever imagined. So much so, that we will likely never run out…up to the day we perfect an inexhaustible form of cheap energy such as solar or nuclear fusion. But that’s for another video. This is all due to Technology advance. Our technology has enabled us not only to find vast new previously unknown oil reserves in Venezuela and Kazakhstan, for example, but we also perfected ways to extract oil from oil shale using a process called fracking. Simply put, this is a way to extract oil from shale rock using high pressure water. It turns out that the United States alone has trillions, not billions but trillions with a “T,” of gallons of oil in the form of Shale rock. That’s almost 10 times more than Saudi Arabia. And there are trillions more gallons of oil in Canada, in the form of tar sands, which are extractable. In addition, More oil is being found in previously used oil sites by technologies like drilling sideways, drilling deeper, and using high pressure water to squeeze more oil from a drilling site. We consume about 35 billon barrels of oil per year, so with the trillions we have available. This will probably last for 100 years
Most popular food in the world? It is not what you think. You love pizza and ice cream. You love sushi and apples too. They taste so good don’t they? But none of these is anywhere near the most popular food in the world. And You may be shocked to learn that this most popular food in the world, is kinda bland. When we talk about the most popular food in the world, we have to distinguish between the most popular in terms of what people actually consume vs. most desired food in the world (which does not necessarily mean that it is most consumed, because it may be too expensive like ice cream….or may be more of a treat than a staple food…like chocolate) So let’s look at foods that are the most consumed by the world. Let’s look at corn first. The world produces more corn than any other single food in the world. If you go to the Midwest of the USA, You will find miles and miles of farmland with nothing but corn growing on it. I used to wonder as a kid, growing up in Michigan, who the heck is eating all this corn. There is more of it in the world than any other food. And big portion of it is produced in the United States. Well, it turns out, most of the corn is not consumed by humans, but by animals. It is used for animal feed. used in farming beef, pork, chicken, etc. So if you are a meat eater, you consume it indirectly. Most of the rest is used to make ethanol, corn oil, and corn syrup. A very small portion of it is actually eaten directly by people The food that is the most popular, that is, the most eaten by humans is the second biggest crop in the world is…and what is that? Wait for it…wait for it…it is rice. Rice is the most important source of calories for human beings. People on average eat as much rice as their weight every year. The average person in the world weighs about 137 lbs, (I weigh much more than that, unfortunately) – but 137lbs happens to be almost exactly what we consume
How big is the universe? How big is space? No, it’s much bigger than that. The sun is a million times bigger than earth. Imagine for a minute that the Sun was the size of this basketball. Earth would be about the size of this nail head. And how far do you think it would be. This far?…maybe this far? Nope and nope. This nail head would be 100 feet away. Now…here’s the big question, how far away would the nearest star be? That answer is going to shock you! Do you think it would be a thousand feet away, a mile, 10 miles maybe? Nope, nope and nope. I am currently located near New York City in the United States. To see the nearest star to our basketball sun, I would need to travel to Russia. Let that sink in for a minute. Now, here is the really shocking part. There are 200 billion such starts in our own Milky Way Galaxy. …And each one of these stars are as far from each other as our sun is from its nearest star. And what’s in between. Pretty much just empty space. And here is something even more mind-boggling than that – the Milky Way galaxy is one of just 2 Trillion such galaxies in the Universe. Let that sink in for a second. The vastness of space, and its emptiness is mind boggling. But it’s the truth. Can you handle it?
Will Artificial Intelligence take over? the world? And Will AI Kill Us All? The greatest threat to the destruction of humanity, according to Microsoft founder Bill Gates, Tesla CEO Elon Musk, and the late physicist Stephen Hawking is AI or artificial intelligence. Could they be right? Will AI (Artificial Intelligence) take over the world? Or have they been watching too many science fiction movies. If anyone other than these three highly intelligent people had made the same statement, you could write them off as “crack pot pseudo scientists” But given that these are three preeminent and highly intelligent people, you have to take this seriously. First, what is AI? Quite simply it is a type of machine intelligence. It already exists, Siri on iphone speech recognition and the vision recognition systems of self-driving cars are low level forms of artificial intelligence. High level forms of AI would be self-learning machines, and perhaps even conscious such as Arnold Schwarzenegger’s character in the Terminator, or the robots in West World , which are at least as intelligent as humans. These don’t exist yet, …but we are probably going to get there in this century. Ray Kurzweil, Director of Engineering at Google, is a famous futurist who predicted the rise of the internet and fall of the Soviet Union. He believes that AI will be vastly more intelligent than humans by the year 2045 – This is the point at which there will be nothing that humans can do, that an AI Machine will not be better at. That’s less than 30 years from now. Does this mean that, humans will be destroyed at that point? No, it doesn’t mean that Does it mean that humans may be redundant, or mostly useless? Probably…yes. If AI does become much more intelligent than humans, yes, they may possess the capability to destroy us, but the question is not, “can they?” – The question is “would they?” To answer this question, we have to f
What is Quantum Computing? quantum computing explained - because it is your destiny! The cell phone you have in your pocket is thousands of times more powerful than the computer that was used to land humans on the moon. In the future, computers will be thousands of times more powerful than your smart phone…because of quantum computing. It will usher in the age of Artificial Intelligence. But just how does quantum computing work? Our computers are doubling in power about every 2 years. But at its core, it is really a very simple device. Even the most complex computers today are just fancy calculators. They recognize only two things, Yes or no, on or off. A computer works with only two numbers, a zero or a one, heads or tails – that is it. Essentially the brains of a computer consists of on/off switches like the light switch in your house. These are called transistors.The transistors in a computer work by either being on or off. When it’s on, it is a 1. When it is off, it is a 0. This is why it’s called binary language. Every piece of data is represented by these switches. For example, all the letters of the alphabet can be represented by 7 switches or bits. The more of these transistors we have inside a computer, the more information it can process. So the smaller we can make them, the more we can fit inside the small frame of a computer. The problem is that we have almost reached the limit of how small we can make these transistors. Today we can fit a few billion of these switches onto a chip the size of your fingernail. Instead of bits, a quantum computer has quantum bits or qubits, which work in a really crazy way. Instead of either a zero or a 1, heads or tails - a qubit can store a zero and one at the same time. So imagine flipping a coin, a regular computer only recognizes a head or a tail. A quantum computer can recognize or deal with all the possibilities in between. So the computing powe
Check out "Part II" of this video here: https://youtu.be/v8-oocxPwlM -- How did the universe form? How did the Universe come from nothing? If you were to get rid of every “thing” in a certain part of space – all the planets, stars, atoms, particles, and even light and radiation… that space would still have weight – it would weigh something. It turns out that what we think of as “nothing” is NOT nothing. It is something. Space is bubbling with virtual particles that pop in and out of existence. (Quantum Fluctuations). These particles do this in a time scale so short that the laws of physics forgives this creation of these ghost particles that seem to arise from nothing. The laws of quantum mechanics allow this. The empty space within a proton represents 90% of the mass of the proton. And since most of our physical world is made up of protons and neutrons, this so called “empty space” inside them is what gives us mass. Here is the analogy – a zero represents nothing right? But a zero can also be represented by the number 1 million plus negative one million: 1,000,000 + (-1,000,000) = 0 The above equation is the key to understanding how our universe began. The total energy of the universe is 0, or “nothing” …however, at the beginning of the universe the zero spontaneously divided into 1 gazillion megawatts of energy, and negative 1 gazillion megawatts of energy. The total energy was still zero, but it was divided into these two numbers. The positive energy is represented by all the matter you can see in the universe – stars, planets, particles, radiation… …Because energy is equivalent to mass using Einstein’s famous equation E=MC(2) And what about the negative energy – where is that? That negative energy is in the form of gravity. The universe is flat. It is in perfect balance. The negative energy of gravity cancels out the positive energy of matter. Like my favorite character from the Matrix says…It is symphony of mathematical precision…th
The 5 Biggest Reasons You Are Unhappy? 5). You are focused on the future and the past, rather than the present. In your daily thoughts, are you dwelling on past failures, or how things could have been. you could have been somebody, you could have gotten that girl or guy. Unrequieted love You are thinking if I could only re-do that part of my life, how different it would be. If you are honest with yourself, you will realize that you would have made the exact same decision back then with the information that you had at the time. So stop kicking yourself. That different decision would not have made any difference overall anyway. It would have just given you a different set of problems. There are no fatal mistakes. You are still here. You have the rest of your life to make it the best life it can be. And if you are like most people not focused on the past, you are focused on the future. more than the present? Stop it. Bring your mind back here. Spend more time with your loved ones. This is the biggest regret people on their deathbed. No one says, I should have focused more on my job, on my career. They all say, I should have started this, pursued my passion. I wish I spent more time with this person or that person. Invest your time and money in your experiences – time with people you enjoy being with. Go on that vacation with your family. These are the memories that will last a lifetime. 4) You are judging others rather than learning from them. Think about it when you judge others too quickly – think, hmm, this person is really irritating, but are they making a valid point. Is there something admirable about them? What can I learn from them? If you are zoned out looking at your CNN app, you are probably getting angry about something because you are judging. If you are always on your Facebook app, you may be doing the same. Always look at an interaction with another person a
How to Live on $1400 per month. What is so magical about $1400 per month? Why did I choose that number? This is the average social security benefit that Americans will receive in retirement in 2018. And given that 40 million households have ZERO savings for retirement right now, including 30% of households where the main breadwinner is 55 or over. This could be the only source of money many people will have to live on in their retirement years. But can a person live on just $1400 per month? The answer…is YES. In many parts of the world, people would jump with joy if they could get their hands on a steady $1400 per month. You could almost live like a king in countries like Panama, Philippines, Nicaragua, Armenia, and Grenada on that income. Many American Expats do live in these countries happily. But living in these countries, you may give up some things that you take for granted here in America - things like great healthcare, 1st amendment freedoms, corruption, language, and American culture. So, I am going to presume that you have a strong desire to remain in the United States. I am also going to presume that you are retired, but under the age of 65, so you do NOT qualify for Medicare yet, so you have to buy your own medical insurance. The good news about that is that you can get very good low cost medical insurance through the Obamacare or ACA marketplace. I am also going to presume you are single, and are a family of one. The first thing you should do is move to a low cost area of the country. This can save you significant money. For example, someone in Atlanta, Georgia can have almost the same lifestyle on half the income as someone living in San Francisco, California. Your income at $1400 per month, will be $16,800 per year. At this level, you will owe no federal tax. And in addition, in most states, you will not pay any state income tax either, so you don’t need to move to a state that has 0 income tax. You should just move to a state
Where is the Internet? Location? How does the internet work? And most importantly, how much does it weigh? You are on it right now. 30 years ago, it didn’t exist for most of us. But today Many of us can’t live without it. Of course, I am talking about the internet. There are about 4 billion internet users in the world – more than half of all human beings, but where is this all-powerful, god-like technology actually located? I am going to show you not only where it’s located, but how it works. When we watch a live television show, it is being broadcast from a studio somewhere in the world, it is being transmitted via satellite or through a TV station tower. But when it comes to the internet…It turns out that it is not located in just one spot. This is the reason it exists in the first place. The internet was created in 1969 by the research unit of the United States Defense department, called DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency). It was created with the thought that since it would be a network, not located in any one place, it could not be easily destroyed in case of war, because if you bombed one arm of the network, there would be others that would still allow people to communicate, and so we wouldn’t lose the war. The internet consists of a massive network of servers (a fancy name for specialized computers) located in data centers throughout the world. They are tied together with a backbone of mostly fiber optic cables, and exchange points located in major cities. The term world wide web is part of the internet – it is just a user-friendly way to access the information on the internet. When you enter a particular domain name in your browser, like Amazon.com or ArvinAsh.com your browser seeks out the location of the server which holds the files for that website by finding its uniqueIP address. An IP is simply an agreed-upon digital addressing strategy, or internet protocol, which consists of a series of numbers, separated by perio
New video with less provocative conclusion here: https://youtu.be/jH0_C1kUOEw . Are we alone in the universe? 5 Reasons we are (probably) completely alone in the universe. A government funded program called SETI, or the Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence has been listening for intelligent life in the universe, with their radio telescopes, for past 50 years, but so far NOTHING has been found. Is it possible that the hundreds of scientists around the world that are looking for intelligent life are on a futile mission to nowhere –because there is actually NO OTHER intelligent species in the entire universe – The shocking answer could be – YES. I’ll explain why. There are more stars and planets in the universe than all the sands on all the beaches of the world. How is it possible that we could be the only intelligent life out there. I am talking about intelligent life, not just any kind of life. I think ordinary life is probably everywhere in the universe, and I predict there is life within our own solar system. See my other video on this subject. Intelligent life is a completely different animal, no pun intended, than simple forms of life like bacteria and viruses. There is a good chance that there is NO other intelligent life…and here are 5 reasons why: 5) Earth has a very large moon compared to its home planet. And this moon was formed due to a colossal impact with another planet early in earth’s history. This collision caused the earth to almost completely melt, which led to molten iron being pulled to the center of the earth. The reason this is important is because it is the flow of this iron that allows earth to have a relatively strong magnetic field. Without this field, life would not exist, because cosmic rays would have wiped out any early life. The moon also gives the earth orbital stability, and has absorbed potential meteor impacts that would have otherwise devastated earth. Such massive collisions are probably rare in the universe.
5 Biggest Lies You’ve Been Told About Money – and how It’s making you poor You have been living lies about money that have been told to you for a generation. And you are…getting poorer as a result.In the next 5 minutes, I am going to expose the 5 biggest lies, and tell you the real truth about money. 5) “Live within your means.” Everybody tells you to live within your means. You don’t really get rich that way. Learn to Live BELOW your means. Then save the rest of your money. If you are living barely within your means, you are living hand to mouth. You might be one paycheck away from bankruptcy. You will not get rich. You will remain where you are. There is happiness in living only with things you need. 4) “Live for the moment.” It’s true but this applies to your time, not your money. When it comes to money –people get rich by DELAYING GRATIFICATION…Not spending money right away simply because they have it. My father always told me, “you don’t get rich by spending money”—save for the future. The delay will be worth it. When I see people driving fancy cars and wearing fancy clothes, all I see is spending not investing. I wonder how many of them are like my friend in Beverly Hills. They are getting poorer, not richer. How many times have you seen a lottery or a game show where someone won a big chunk of money. They always talk about how they are going to spend it. These are the kinds of people that will stay poor. If I won a big chunk of money, I would not think about how to spend it. I would think about how I would INVEST it. Which brings me to number 3. 3) “You have to spend money to make money.” Completely and utterly false. You don’t spend money to make money. You INVEST money to make money. This is the biggest reason rich people get rich. This is true not just for any business venture you might start, but the money that you have saved, as well. Don’t keep the money you have saved in a bank account. if you do,
How to be smart? You can be smarter than a smart person. Do you sometimes wish that you were smarter than you are right now? And that if you were, you would be more successful in life? I am going to show you 3 huge disadvantages that highly intelligent people have, and how, by knowing these handicaps, you can be smarter than them. First let me shatter this myth you have told yourself: Most highly successful people do not have an IQ that is any higher than yours.The latest research shows there is no correlation between IQ and net worth. The world is full of brilliant, highly intelligent people that are not necessarily happy, nor accomplished, nor financially successful. In fact, being extremely intellectually gifted can actually hamper your success. And here’s why – it comes with baggage – 3 big bags. The first bag: Smart people can become lazy – why? Because they are used to not having to try very hard in school to get good grades. They are used to understanding things very quickly, or learning a new skill without really having to sweat or toil. They can become used to not failing much. But Success is most often about perseverance in the face of failure, after failure, after failure. This is the way most self-made rich people have gotten rich – by dogged determination and learning from multiple failures.This is a learned skill, that smart people just don’t have much practice in. Learn to try new things. Learn to fail. You will succeed as a result. Bag # 2: Smart peoplealso do not socialize as much. They tend to be Introverted. The latest research shows that smart people have fewer friends. But Success is mostly about collaborating with other people that have talent in areas other than yours, or ideas you may not be thinking of. If you think about how some people are lucky. There really is no such thing. It’s about Being in the right place at the right time -- which requires socializing, and networking, and being more outgoing. Whe
Crop circles decoded, and their secrets revealed. They are sometimes beautiful patterns in the middle of a field. They attract tourists from around the world. They have inspired conspiracy theories, tales of alien visitors, and some people have even found complex hidden mathematical formulas in their patterns. But who or what is making these crop circles. In the next 4 minutes, Let’s solve this mystery! The first crop circle was reported in 1966 in a small town called Tully, in Australia, where a farmer said he saw a flying saucer take off from his farm land. When he went to investigate, he found a circular pattern of depressed crops and grass in his field. And so the idea that aliens were creating these mysterious patterns began. The first modern crop circles did not appear until the 1970’s. But they were simple circular shapes, that some could dismiss as being due to weather like the one that occurred in 1966. But in 1996, one of the most spectacular crop circles appeared near Stonehenge in England. http://www.colinandrews.net/JuliaSetStory.html There was no doubt that this one was NOT due to any weather. It was a mathematical shape based on something called fractals. Without getting into the details of fractals, let’s just say that this crop circle definitely showed a sign of intelligence. And on top of the mystery, some eye witnesses said they saw this shape appear out of nowhere in less than an hour. Theories about aliens really got hotter than they had ever been.Now, did some hoodlums go to the trouble of designing a complicated math shape like a fractal, or was it the work of super intelligent beings from outer space? what is Bottom line? Well, unlike many things people believe like Bigfoot, the Loch Ness Monster, and ghosts which have never actually been seen, we know for sure that crop circles are real – very real. We can see them, feel them, touch them. What do we make of the belief that Many people that these things are mad
What is Dark Matter? -- What if I told you that there may be trillions of particles going through your body right now, and you can’t see it, hear it, or touch it. And that these particles are so vast, that they compose more than 6 times all the visible matter you can see in the universe. 6 times all the stars, galaxies, planets, gases, and radiation. And we not only cannot see any of it with our eyes, we cannot detect it with any of our instruments. So how the heck do we know that it’s even there? In the late 1970’s, an astronomer by the name of Vera Rubin, who happened to be a female in a male-dominated profession, was studying a mundane area of astronomy that no one else seemed to be interested in at the time. She was looking at the motion of stars in the spiral portions of the Andromeda galaxy, a neighbor of our own milky way galaxy. What she found shocked scientists…because it seemed to violate Newton’s laws of gravitation which had been established as scientific law for the previous 300 years. Her observations showed that the stars in the outer rim of the spiral arms were moving at about the same velocity as the stars in the inner part of the spiral arm. This violates Newton’s law of universal gravitation which should govern both the motion of stars in galaxies as well as the motion of planets around the sun. Force of Gravity = G m1 m2 / r2 m1= mass of first planet m2 = mass of second planet r2= square of distance between them G = Gravitational constant The equations dictate that the further away an object is from the center of mass (r), the lower the force of gravity, and the slower the object rotates around it. Stars closer to the center must travel faster than those away from the center. Otherwise, the stars would fly away from their orbits around the galaxy. This is easy to see in the motion of all the planets in our own solar system – which follow Newton’s laws pretty much to the letter. Vera Ru
What is the Meaning of Life?*Spoiler Warning* “Why am I here” “What is my Purpose” “What is the meaning of life” If you’re a subscriber, you knew that I was going to tackle this subject sooner or later didn’t you? This is a uniquely human question that we humans have asked ourselves for thousands of years now. Let’s distill those thousands of years in the next 2 minutes, and answer this question. And l want to give you a spoiler warning. If you need to find the answer for yourself, or if you don’t want to hear something that may not align with your faith, then click skip right now. And if you decide to stay, then please watch all the way to the end, because you will not get the full impact of this message otherwise. It is safe to say that no other animal on earth has asked this question. So we are quite the privileged hairless ape? We have created entire occupations, cultures, and ways of life in pursuit of answering this question…or because we think we have answered this question already. (show monks in Tibet, worshippers in India). I have some good news and bad news. First the bad news. You ready? You better sit down for this. I’ll give you a couple of seconds. Life has no innate meaning. Life is absolutely meaningless. Let that sink in for a minute. I don’t think this cold hard truth is shocking to you…because in your heart of hearts you have known this to be true. We are desperate to create meaning for our lives. Some of us cling to the hope and, I dare say… “delusion” that our life has some inherent meaning. It does NOT. But now…Here’s the good news. Just because Life has no innate meaning…does not mean that it is meaningless for you as an individual. It means that we have been given a clean slate to create whatever meaning we want from our lives. You have the opportunity to create a meaning for your life that means something to you. It’s like your English teacher
5 Minute Version Here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sv_yJ7gc0TA Brutally Edited version of "How Did the Universe Come From Nothing?"
I will show you how to meditate for beginners. This Method was taught to me by a practicing Yogi who has been using this simple ancient Indian meditation technique for over 40 years. He wanted to share its simplicity to encourage people to practice and enjoy the benefits of meditation. Meditation is now pretty much universally accepted by scientists and non-scientists as a great way to reduce stress, lower your blood pressure, increase your general well-being, and give you a huge performance boost. Some studies even suggest that meditationcan increase your life span. The problem is that most people don’t practice it. And they often don’t practice it because they feel intimidated by the thought of having to learn difficult sitting positions or certain yoga moves, or sometimes people feel overwhelmed because they don’t know where to start. I’m going to teach you a proven ancient meditation technique that you can learn in2 minutes. Try to meditate in early morning or late evening. Just don’t do it right after a meal. Wait 2-3 hours. Choose the same spot in a quietplace preferably near a window. Sit comfortably with a straight back posture on a chair in an upright position. Contrary to what you may have seen, you do not need to sit on the ground, orcontort your legs like anacrobat. Put your forearm and hands loosely on your thighs facing upwards. You don’t have to put your thumb and fingers together like what you might have seen on TV. And you do not have to make any noise like “Om,” or raise your arms. Just Close your eyes completely or keep them half closed – whatever feels better to you. Look straight ahead. Do not look down. Fix your inner gaze to a point between eyebrows Do not look down. Now Take a slow deep breath mentally counting up to 10. Hold your breath for the same count of 10. Then exhale again counting mentally up to 10. Do this 5 times. Now with closed eyes, just quietly o
Full Version Here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-_Q2rvqynrk Brutally Edited version of "What is Dark Energy?"
What is the God Particle? How does the Higgs Boson work? If you were a fish, would you know that the entire world in which you existed was contained in a substance called water? You probably wouldn’t know it because, you had always been in it. You could not see, breathe, travel or exist outside of it. Water would just be there, and you would take it for granted. You probably would not even know that it was a substance that you were living in. It would just be a kind of liquid field that permeates your entire world. We humans also live in such a field that permeates the entire universe we live in – without which we could not exist. What is this field, and what does the God particle have to do with it? In the 2nd half of the 20th century, physicists developed something called the standard model of particle physics. Nearly all phenomenon, and the underlying particles that make up ultimate building blocks of the universe can be explained by this model, except gravity.This model consists of 12 fundamental particles that make up all matter, and 4 particles, called bosons responsible for 3 fundamental forces of nature: strong force, weak force, and electromagnetism. Gravity is another force, and it not part of this model. But it can be modeled using general relativity. With the recipe provided in the standard model, and gravity, we can build everything in the entire universe. However, up until 2012, the standard model had a gaping flaw. According to its underlying theory, all force carrying particles should be massless. Although the photon which is indeed massless, experiments show that the weak force's bosons have mass. So here was a promising model that could be used to explain our universe. But perhaps it would need to be thrown out because it had this seemingly fatal flaw in being inconsistent regarding the way the weak force worked. In the late 1950s, physicists had "no idea" how to resolve these issues. All attempts to solve this problem just seemed
Full 4 minute version here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhY9E5HfWHE&t=9s This is the brutally edited version of "What is Dark Matter" -- presented in 60 seconds...when you don't have time, and just want the answer.
What is Mass? And Where Does it come from? It's source is going to blow you away! It's (mostly) NOT from the Higgs Field. We tend to think of mass as weight? So for example, you might weigh a 150 lbs. An elephant might weigh 12,000 lbs. But On the moon you would weigh 25 lbs, and the elephant would weigh only 2000 lbs. So is your mass 25 lbs or 150 lbs – neither. You weight is not your mass. The force of gravity acting on your mass is what gives you weight. Your mass is the amount of stuff that your body is made of. It’s your body’s resistance to motion or a measurement of the number of atoms you are composed of. If you counted up the mass of all the atoms in your body, that’s what your mass would be. Ok, but where does the mass of the atom come from? You might think that I am going to reference the so called God particle or the Higgs Boson as the particle that gives all fundamental particles mass. The Higgs field is only partly responsible for mass – in fact, only about 2 % of the mass of the universe is directly due to the Higgs field. Where does the other 98% come from? Let’s take a closer look at the atom. Atoms are composed of Protons and Neutrons in the nucleus, with an electron cloud whizzing at high speeds around it. But the mass of the electron is only 0.05% of the total mass of the atom. It is so small compared to the mass of the nucleus, that for our purposes here, we can ignore it. So let’s look at the nucleus of the atom only, which is responsible for 99.95% of the mass of the atom. It is composed of Protons and Neutrons, both of which have about the same amount of mass. So let’s look at just the proton. Where do protons get their mass? If you go inside the protons, you will find that they are fundamentally made up of three even smaller particles called quarks whizzing around each other. But the problem is when we measure the actual mass of the these three quarks – 2 Up, and 1 Down quark – their combined mass
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Is consciousness god? What is consciousness? And Where is it located? We tend to treat our consciousness as a mystery, perhaps even as a supernatural quality of being human. Something that might even be divine, connecting us to a higher power. But could the source of consciousness really just all be contained in the neurons, synapses and other connections within our brain? New research seems to point us to one of these directions. What is it that makes it so mystical for us. What is consciousness? No one knows for sure, but scientists seem to agree that consciousness has to involve the integration of activity from several brain networks, allowing us to perceive our surroundings. It integrates all our sensory inputs - sight, smell, touch, hearing and taste as one single unifying experience rather than isolated sensory perceptions. It connects us to our present, memories of our past…and to our emotions into a single ego-centric perception. All these things shape our perception of who we are, and what we believe to be the world around us. Even if we don’t know what it is, can we at least find out WHERE it is? Just days before he died in July 2004, Francis Crick, who co-discovered the structure of DNA, was working on a paper that suggested that our consciousness needs some kind of conductor to put all external stimuli and internal perceptions together He hypothesized that this conductor would need to rapidly integrate information from different parts of the brain and put them into a whole. For example, if you are sitting outside and you smell a neighbor’s barbeque, you might instantly be able to imagine the kind of food he is cooking. You may remember its name, its texture and its taste instantly. And you may even recall any past experiences, memories and emotions associated with the smell of that barbecue. All these things happen instantly. Crick suggested that the claustrum – a thin, sheet-like structure that lies hidden deep inside th
Does he like me? Does She Like me? How to know if someone likes you? Turns out most people do. This study mostly pertains to first impressions. We tend to like the other party more than they think. And we tend to think the other party dislikes us more than they actually do. Why is this the case? Video explains this, and also how the study was done. Citation: This study was published in Sept., 2018 in the journal Psychological Science. Here is a link to the article for those that may want to read the details: https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797618783714
Technological Singularity in 2045 – Get Ready - This is what the future may be like. Ray Kurzweil is a famous futurist who has been right about 90% of the time. He is such a visionary that in 2012 Google hired him to be their Director of Engineering. He predicted the rise of the internet over 30 years ago, in 1984,when most people had never even heard of it. And he even predicted its widespread use via wireless technologies in the 21st century. Ray was labelled “crazy” at the time. He has some “crazy” predictions for the next 30 years including the “Singularity” – which will change everything. First let’s look at why Kurzweil is so often right about the timing of his predictions. Take the example of DNA mapping. In 1990, an international collaboration of scientists was set up to map the entire human DNA sequence. It was a 15 year project. Well, after 7 years, in 1997, only 1 % of the genome had been mapped. And the project was declared a failure. Some Scientist estimated that it would take another 100 years to complete at this rate. Ray Kurzweil said, "1%?...You guys are almost done." And sure enough 6 years later, in 2003, the entire human genome had been sequenced. How did that happen? Because the technology doubled every year. So then every year 2%, 4%, 8%, 16%, 32%, 64%, 128% - so 1% doesn’t go to 7% in 7 years, it goes to 100% because100 is less than doublings from 1%. So Let’s look as some of Ray’s predictions – he predicts that by 2030, artificial intelligence will be as smart as a human. And by 2045, AI will not only exceed the brainpower of a human being, but it will exceed the brainpower of all 7 billion human beings on earth…combined! Scientists dramatically call this intelligence explosion the Singularity! This is not to be confused with the term singularity in Physics – which represents an infinitesimally small point from which all of creation came about. But this technological singularity may be just as momentous. How w
How to raise successful kids. And how to raise successful child. The video explains the science. Study Raw Data: https://academic.oup.com/ije/article/35/1/49/849772 TED talk: https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=7&v=8Dv2Hdf5TRg Script: Shortly after World War II, an ambitious British Study on children and their parents was initiated. It followed 14,000 children and their parents from birth to childhood, and looked at not only the progress of their health but also their relative happiness and success. As you might imagine, this study produced mountains of data. But I’m going to summarize it into 6 major bullet points for you, which you will find shockingly simple. So here’s the bottom line when it comes to parenting if you want to maximize the success of your children: 6) Don’t be poor. Yes, I know that is an insensitive remark, but the study clearly shows that kids born into poor families do worse than those born in more affluent families. Poorer children appear to have a higher mountain to climb in order to become as successful as their more affluent counterparts. The study does not clarify why. But the authors also points out, some of the disadvantages of being poor can be overcome with other factors, which are the following bullet points. 5) Be an engaged parents. This seems pretty basic, and it is. Put simply, parents who are engaged with their children, that is, take time to talk and listen to them end up having more successful children. This should be no surprise. 4) Being warm, loving and kind to your children is also a factor in their success. Again, this seems pretty basic and logical. Goes to show that being a great parent is not necessarily rocket science. 3) Read to your children and encourage them to read on their own. The study found that children who were read to by their parents daily did better in school and were much more successful later in life. In addition, these children were more likely
What is the butterfly effect? The Real Butterfly Effect -- Imagine this scenario, a butterfly flutters its wings in Brazil, and it sets off a cascade of events over the course of time, which results in the touchdown of a tornado in Texas. This is the idea that lots of seemingly small chaotic differences in initial conditions can make a big difference over time and distance. Is this effect real? And if so, how does it work? Let’s look at this more closely. In 1972, meteorology professorEdward Lorenz asked the question at a conference: “Does the flap of a butterfly’s wings in Brazil set off a tornado in Texas?” This was really just a rhetorical question. Lorenz was trying to point out that large meteorological phenomenon, like tornadoes or hurricanes cannot be predicted far in advance, because there are too many small variables which are beyond our capability to measure. This is why tomorrow’s weather forecasts is much more accurate than a 10 day forecast. There are too many variables that can change over 10 days, whereas there are fewer variables that change in 1 day. In other words, Lorenz was trying to say that weather is unpredictable. He said this to illustrate the idea that some complex and dynamic systems have behaviors such that a small variance in the initial conditions could have a huge effect on the results. This idea in mathematics is part of the so called chaos theory - Meaning we don’t have a way to predict things even if we know all the variables. At least not yet. The butterfly in Brazil making a tornado in Texas is a dramatic way to illustrate this. Or is it? -- just for fun, let’s just see how that might work, if it was really possible. Let’s make it as realistic as possible. Instead of Brazil, picture a swarm of monarch butterflies that are migrating from Eastern Canada to Mexico for the winter. This by the way actually happens every year before the onset of winter. Tens of thousands of monarch butterflies do t
Why existence? Why is there something rather than nothing? Why are we even here at all.We know a lot about the “how” and the “What” of our existence, but we don’t know much about the “why” of our existence…yet it may be the most important question of all, maybe even the most important question in the Universe. Why are we here? Most people in the world believe that God created the universe. Many religions explain the “why” of existence in some variation of the anthropic principle, that is, a universe made for the special existence of human beings, or of earth. But, it is possible if not inevitable that we will find life elsewhere in the Universe, and these explanations will not be complete. So for the moment, let’s explore explanations that could be applied regardless of the existence of God. SoLet’s first look at what we have – we have a Universe with sentient conscious beings – us – that are here asking this question. These beings have determined that the Universe seems to obey a certain set of laws using the principles of mathematics. Laws like Newton’s law of gravity. Einstein’s laws of relativity. And Max Plank’s laws of quantum physics. We know this because our experiments have consistently shown this to be true. So now we can ask the question, why are there these laws? Why not some other laws? Are these laws just arbitrary – meaning they exist only in this Universe. And a different set of laws could exist in an alternate universe. Could other laws have existed if we had been in a different Universe? Why are there any laws at all? Why not no laws? And why should these laws be able to be expressed in mathematics – a language that we mere humans happen to comprehend? To answer this, I am going to borrow shamelessly from Jim Holt’s Ted talk on why the universe exists. I encourage you to check it out. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zORUUqJd81M The simplest form of existence would be nothing. What could be simpler than
How to have more sex in marriage? Science speaks. A new study in published in the journal of personality and social psychology shows that couples who do this have more sexual desire, more sex, more passion for each other, and a happier relationship. And to top things things off, this requires no doctor, therapy and does not even have to cost any money. So What is this magical elixir? Well, it is not a drug – it’s an experience. The scientists conclude that “Enaging in novel activities” does this. What does Novel activities mean? They define it to mean self-expanding activities that allows a person to have new experiences, gain new perspectives, or learn a new skill. So this could be something like you and your partner learn to dance, or travel to a country you have never been to before, or learn to play the guitar. Now, these activities have to be experienced together as a couple, not individually. But it turns out that couples who do this feel greater sexual desire for each other and have more sex. Why do novel activities result in this? The researchers theorize that it could be because couples experience greater intimacy while participating in these activities, and it could also be because partners are seeing a side of their partner during these activities that they may not have seen before, allowing them to learn more about their partner and form greater intimacy. It seems people get excited when seeing their partners learn, change and grow. Who knew? So what are you planning to do with your partner next weekend? You have to do something, if you want something! Citation http://psycnet.apa.org/record/2018-47337-001
Where is the center of the universe? All this, everything you see around you, started in a big bang, from a point smaller than the point at the end of this sentence. It as an infinitesimally small point, called a singularity. This was a huge explosion of pure energy. Like all explosions, we expect it to have started somewhere. It is this location that we call the center of the explosion. So, if the Universe started with a big explosion, where is the center of this explosion? Here is the shocking answer: There IS NO Center…and there is an infinite number of centers. The big bang wasn’t an explosion in space, it was an expansion of space itself. Let me explain using the analogy of a balloon. In order to get this, you have to imagine that the 2 dimensional surface of this balloon represents the 3 dimensional space of our universe. Only the surface of the balloon is the universe, not what’s on the inside which is air. The 3D space we live in is like this balloon. And the points on this balloon represent galaxies or any point in space. When we blow up the balloon, you will see that every point is moving away from every other point. If you were living on any of these points, you would think that you were at the center of the universe because you would observe that everything is moving away from you. This is precisely what we see, when we observe the universe. On the surface of this balloon, there is no center, or you could say every point is the center since everything is moving away from every point. So where is the center of the Universe? Everywhere is the center. I am the center of the universe, and so are you. So when your dad says something like, “you are not the center of the universe young man” – you can say, I and Arvin would beg to differ, and you would have science to back you up.
Just How much sleep to you really need? Science has the definitive answer. A study published this year by the Brain and Mind institute Western University in Canada tracked a massive number of people – over 40,000 to track their sleep over a three-day period and then to undergo a series of cognitive and neurological tests. What made this study different than other sleep studies is that the sleeping was not done in a sleep lab, but in real world conditions – in people’s own bedrooms in their own homes. So the results presumably are also more realistic. And most sleep studies do not engage such a huge number of people – a total of about 44,000 people participated in this. So what was the bottom line? The Bottom line is not a big surprise: 7-8 hours is what you need to be cognitively most alert and efficient. THE SHOCKER: But there is something surprising that came out of this as well. The researchers said this “those who exceeded the maximum (8 hours) of suggested sleep time were equally, as impaired as those who slept too little…” . It turns out that too much sleep is just as bad as too little sleep. So the study defines a narrow window of 7-8 hours as being the optimal number of hours you need. Don’t get less than 7 hours, and don’t get more than 8 hours, or your thinking ability will suffer. Why is getting too much sleep just as bad as getting too little sleep – the researchers don’t have an answer. But future scientific studies should answer that question. The average US adult gets about 6.8 hours of sleep a night, not quite the minimum. But a full 40% of us get no more than 6 hours. No wonder we are so damn grumpy. Citation: https://academic.oup.com/sleep/advance-article/doi/10.1093/sleep/zsy182/5096067
Microbiome: How many bacteria live on the human body. Science has an answer to this. But first, here’s a question for you: What is by far the largest organ in the body…almost 20 square feet in area, and without it, you would die a painful death? It’s your skin. How many bacterial live on the human body? What you don’t know about your skin is that there are more living things on it than all the humans on earth combined. There is a whole universe of living things inside and on your body. But don’t go grabbing soap and water just yet – because getting rid of these bugs can kill you.. There are more bacteria on a square inch of your skin than the population of Manhattan.In fact, some parts of your skin, like your underarms, front of your elbow, belly button, between your toes, and private areas have 10 times as many bacteria. Why? because they are usually moist and/or dark, where bacteria can grow more readily. Most of the other parts of your skin like your forearms, thighs, and back of your hands are dry. So just like a desert, there just aren’t as many living things there because the conditions are not good for them. But it turns out that almost all the normal bacteria on your skin are good for you. Why? because they keep the bad bacteria away by either taking up space, or creating a microenvironment that keeps bad bacteria from taking hold and growing. And there are billions of bad bacteria floating around just looking for a spot to land so that they can live, and make you sick. We really need to think of the natural bacteria on our skin not as foreign invaders, but as part of us. Like an organ such as the liver or pancreas. It is Part of our human body without which we really can’t survive. The average human has 100 trillion bacteria on and inside their body. In fact, you’re body is the bacterial equivalent of more than 1000 toilet seats in a public bathroom. That’s right – if you are scared of sitting on a toilet seat, you should b
"Why do people hate me" you ask? You may be toxic to people around you and not even know it. If you find yourself being left out in conversations, or people stop talking after you enter a room, or people not looking at you when talking to a group of people – you just may be unbearable. If so, here are some things that you may be doing to make people hate you: 6) You are too competitive. If a coworker gets a promotion, you feel jealous. This quality of yours is very transparent. Deep downyou feel inferior. Life is not a zero sum game. News flash: What happens to other people is not always about you. You will get your time in the sun. Let someone else get their turn. Don’t compete, collaborate. 5) You are selfish. You take credit for other people’s contributions. There is probably nothing more annoying to people than someone else taking credit for their hard work. This only works in the short term because people will see through it. Stop being in it for yourself. Give others credit – you will win them over and will also earn a someone who becomes your advocate. 4) You are too quick to criticize, slow to praise. This may be part of your own insecurity. When you praise someone, you are not saying they are better than you. They will not think of themselves as being superior, you will endear yourself to the other person. They will think of you as being genuine, and sincere. It is a great way to make a friend and a supporter who will find it easier to praise you. 3) You can’t Take criticism. No need to get defensive. It takes guts to provide constructive criticism to someone. Anyone that gives it to you needs to be praised not bashed by you. They care enough about you to take the time to help you be better than you already are. Think of criticism as an opportunity to exceed your expectations of yourself. 2) You take no responsibility for bad results. You blame bad results on circumstances or on other people. Stop acting like the victi
Internet of Things or IOT Explained: You probably think of your toaster, refrigerator, washing machine, and lamp as mere dumb devices with an on off switch. But imagine if these devices had a brain. What if they were as smart as a dog, or even as smart as a human toddler…and what if they could talk to you? This idea is called IOT, or the internet of things, and it is coming. What will it mean for us, and how will it improve our lives? The internet of things, or IoT for short is the idea of connecting pretty much any electronic device or physical object with a processor to the internet, and to each other, and to us. They would be connected through wireless technology to the internet. And their data would be stored on a server in the cloud, and shared through a private network. It is estimated that 100 billion devices will be connected within the next 10 years. Some of these technologies are here already. For example, there are dishwashing machines that can detect the amount of dirt on your dishes and change the intensity of the wash accordingly. There are refrigerators that can detect when you have run out of milk, and remind you to get more. But these technologies have only scratched the surface. Imagine these future scenarios: - Your computer printer knows from your printing history that you will be running out of ink in a week, and orders the ink from your favorite online store. - Your washing machine knows that based on your laundry history, you are probably running out of fresh clothes, and you should be doing a load of laundry. It sets a reminder automatically on your phone calendar, and sends you a text. - Your security system detects that there is no one home, so it sends a message to your thermostat to turn the temperature down to save money. - You get in your car, put in your destination on your nav system, which alerts your thermostat that you will be home in 20 minutes, so that it can get the house up to a comfortable temp
Medicare for all explained. Medicare for all cost? Single payer. Medical costs in the United States are the highest in the world. Yet, not everyone in the United States is participating. We have 27 million people, nearly one tenth of our population that has NO medical insurance, and thus get very little professional medical care. What is even more disheartening is that for all the money we spend in the USA, we do not have better results. Our life expectancy is lower compared to almost all other advanced countries. But we spend more money per person than anybody else. Most advanced countries seem to have figured out a way to provide healthcare to nearly all their citizens at much lower cost. And most are using a single payer health system. But just because it works for other countries, does it mean that it would work for us too? I dissect this and answer this complex problem in the video above. next 5 minutes. Let’s be clear, single-payer healthcare does not mean that it is “free” healthcare, and it is not “socialized medicine” where the federal government owns all medical facilities and employs health care providers. This is not under discussion for the United States in any credible proposal. The most detailed plan that has been introduced is the plan developed by a team led by Senator Bernie Sanders. It would be a national health care plan that covers everybody, whether you are employed or unemployed, rich or poor, sick or healthy, black or white, one year old or 101 years old, and it would not matter if you had pre-existing conditions because absolutely every citizen would be covered. There would be little to no out-of-pocket costs for medical services by Americans. This plan would eliminate nearly all private insurers, but private plans by insurers would still be offered for people who wanted more coverage. This would mean that Medicare, Medicaid, Obamacare, employer sponsored plans would be eliminated. Your medical costs would be co
At 5:30AM, dawn on July 16, 1945 near a small town called Alamagordo New Mexico, the course of human history was changed. The first atomic bomb was detonated that day, and sealed the fate of humanity. It took the work of many people to accomplish this engineering feat, but the principle leader of the Manhattan project, and the man considered the Father of the atomic bomb was Robert Oppenheimer. After witnessing its awesome power on that fateful day, Oppenheimer was so taken aback, he quoted a phrase from the sacred Hindu text Bhagavad Gita – “Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds” We know its awesome power, but how exactly does an Atom bomb work? An atomic bomb works on the principle that when you break up the nucleus of an Atom, a large amount of energy is released. Why? Because it takes a large amount of energy to keep the nucleus bound together. When you split it apart, that energy is released. The analogy is like a stack of bowling balls. If you were to shoot a ball into the stack, all the energy that you expended in stacking them together would be released. You can think of the nucleus of an atom being similarly “stacked” together. The larger the nucleus, the easier it is to split it apart. Scientists chose the biggest and heaviest nucleus that is found in nature to be the best candidate for splitting –Uranium. Uranium is unique in that one of its isotopes is the only naturally occurring element that is capable of sustaining a nuclear fission reaction. A Uranium atom has 92 protons, and 146 neutrons, together giving it an atomic mass of 238 – or U238 -- the heaviest naturally occurring element on the periodic table. U238 however is generally stable in nature, and is not fissionable or “splittable” because it is so stable. A very small portion of Uranium, when it is mined, is in the form its isotope U235. This isotope has the same 92 protons, but only 143 neutrons, or 3 fewer than U238. U235 is highly unstable. Which
Standard Model of particle physics, Explained simply. The structure of matter, that is, everything you see in the universe – you, me, the earth, stars happens to be made up of some core fundamental particles which are governed by four fundamental forces. Our best understanding of these fundamental particles and forces, is represented by the standard model of particle physics. It is a stunning piece of work which explains nearly everything, But it has a gaping flaw, because it does not explain something that is fundamental to our existence. Not only that, it also happens to predict that our universe should NOT exist at all. The standard model consists of 12 elementary particles known as fermions. The fermions are 6 quarks and 6 leptons. All non-fundamental particles like protons and neutrons are made of these elementary particles. The guage bosons are force carriers and are responsible for three fundamental forces of nature. Gluons mediate the strong force which binds the nucleus of an atom. W and Z bosons mediate the weak force which is responsible for radioactive decay. Photons mediates the electromagnetic force which causes light and magnetism. And the Higgs Bosons gives all fundamental particles their mass by interacting with them. And how do the forces manifest themselves?...it happens through the exchange of the guage bosons.So for example, if you bring two magnets together, the force is actually being manifested because of an exchange of photons between the positive and negative poles. You can’t see the with the naked eye, but they are there. Similarly the other guage bosons are being exchanged for the other forces. Where is gravity? It is nowhere to be found. This is pretty important, because of course, without gravity, the universe, and we would not exist. So as impressive as the standard model is, it does not explain gravity. All we have to do is find a new gauge particle called the “Graviton” – then we will have a model that e
Biological Immortality: The top 3 biggest causes of death are in order: Heart disease, Cancer, and Lung disease. These and other diseases kill as many as 2.5 million people per year just in the United States. What if we could cure these and all other biological diseases, along with the “disease” of old age, so that you would become biologically immortal? This is not such a far-fetched idea. With medical advances accelerating, some scientists are saying that this is very possible within the next 40 years. And if you became biologically immortal, how long would you live before you died in an accident, homicide, suicide, or war? For the sake of fun, let's take a look at that. If you could not die from any biological sicknesses, like heart attacks, cancer or diabetes, then pretty much the only things that could kill you would be accidents, murder, suicide or war. Let’s look at how long you would live if this was the case. Note - Most of the stats I discuss below are for the United States, which is an advanced and mostly safe country. If you are living in most other countries, you would likely die sooner, except for the case of homicide, which is a bit lower on average in other countries.The stats I am using are used by American insurance companies to calculate life insurance rates. So lets look at your chances of dying if you were biologically immortal: In a flood – you would live to be almost 40,000,000 years old if the only thing that could kill you was a flood. Lightening – You would live 12,000,000 years before you died of a lightening strike. Dog bite – 9,000,000 years Airplane crash – 770,000 years Drowning in a pool – You’d live for 450,000 before you died of drowning in a pool Fall from stairs – 140,000 years Killed in a fire – 120,000 years Killed by gun – 30,000 years Killed in a War – 20,000 years Murdered – 13,000 years Now we are getting to some significant numbers. Died in a Car accident – 9,000 year
How will the universe end? Whether you think the universe is good, bad or indifferent, it will come to an end…someday. How will that happen? Will it simply die a slow death over time? Will it die dramatically in a big explosion as the universe is ripped apart? Or will we see a big bang in reverse as the universe ends in a colossal crunch? There are three factors that will determine the ultimate fate of the galaxy: The overall shape of the universe, The amount of dark energy, And the rate of growth of dark energy. There are three possibilities for the shape of the universe – closed, open and flat. If the universe is closed, it means that it is shaped like a sphere – so even though it may be expanding right now, it will eventually stop and converge into a big crunch, which would result eventually in everything ending in a black hole type of singularity. If the universe is open, that means it is shaped like saddle, which means that it will keep expanding forever, and the ultimate fate of universe in this case – is most likely a big freeze, where galaxies would be become very far apart, such that we would not be able to see any other galaxies besides our own. The stars would eventually burn out as all the hydrogen gas in the universe is used up. The only things remaining would be black holes. And these too would eventually evaporate because of something called hawking radiation. This is where a small amount of matter is constantly being discarded and disappearing near the event horizon of black holes. The third possibility is that the universe is neither closed nor open but is flat, shaped like three dimensional piece of paper. This means it will keep expanding forever. So what really is the shape of the universe. The most recent observations suggest that it is in fact flat. This was verified by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy or WMAP probe. For a long time, physicists thought that the big freeze is how the universe will end, even with a flat u
The closest thing we have to an all-encompassing framework that explains all particles and forces is represented by the Standard Model of particle physics. But this model is flawed because it does not explain gravity.A theory of everything has to be able to reconcile quantum mechanics with the general theory of relativity. This reconciliation appears to be possible with a theory called “Loop Quantum Gravity” -- or LQG. What is it? The theory of LQG attempts to show that this geometric fabric of space-time is not continuous as Einstein presumed, but is itself quantum, made up of discrete quanta. This is akin to the clothes or sweater you might be wearing right now. Even though it looks smooth from far away, if you looked at it closely, you would see threads, nodes and loops woven together. These are the quanta or bits that your clothing is made of. This is different than every other theory including string theory. Because even in string theory, space is the background or the canvas, on which strings vibrate. In LQG this space-time background is itself quantized . So this means that distance has a minimum quantity about equivalent to the plank length or 10 to the -33 cm. Similarly, area has a minimum value of 10 to the -66 cm squared, and volume has a minimum value of 10 to the -99 cm cubed - below which it cannot go. This is super tiny. LQG says that there are about 10 to the 99 quanta of volume in every cubic centimeter of space. This quantum of volume is so tiny that there are more such quanta in a cubic centimeter than there are cubic centimeters in the entire visible universe -- (10 to the 85) And Time itself has a minimum quantity as well which is 10 to the -43 seconds or close to plank time. And what do these space-time quanta look like? They are like loops. The nodes that intersect is where the quanta volumes of space reside. It has a volume that is a multiple of the plank volume 10 to the -99 cubic centimeters. The loo
Is time travel possible? Of course it is…into the future. You and I are travelling in time right now. And travelling into the far future also is also a reality using Einstein’s principle of time dilation when you travel at high speeds or are near a really high gravity source. If you travel at nearly the speed of light, your time could slow so much that a day for you may be 10 years on earth. What doesn’t appear to be possible is travel into the past. So if you did travel into the future, you wouldn’t be able to come back to your previous time. Time travel into the past presents paradoxes, the most famous of which is the “grandfather paradox” where a traveler goes back in time, and murders his own grandfather. This alters the course of history in a way that the traveler couldn’t have been born to travel back in time to kill his grandfather. These paradoxes cannot exist in nature according to the Hawking chronology protection conjecture. So the idea of time travel as your current self is likely not possible. However, going back to a past version of yourself cannot be ruled out. This means that using any technology to go back to your past would bring you back to a younger version of yourself, but you would not know that you had travelled back in time. The events that took place during that earlier time would play out EXACTLY like they did as before. Now, this would not be much fun because you would just be reliving a past that would be no different, and you would simply relive it exactly as you did before. You could not change anything because it is already written in stone, and no information or knowledge would have travelled back with you. It turns out this type of travel back in time is theoretically possible, and there are three methods to do this. 1) Caroline Mallary a phD student at the University of Massachusettes, Dartmouth proposed this. You would take two long spaceships and park them in parallel. One car move
What is entanglement theory? It is a Mystery, and here is a potential solution. But its implications are so paradigm shattering that most scientists refuse to believe it. Maybe we can't handle the truth? Imagine you found a pair of dice such that no matter how you tossed them, they always added up to 7. Besides becoming the richest man in Vegas, what you would have there is something called an entangled pair of dice. You could now separate these entangled dice. You could have your friend Alice take one of these to Macau, while the other one stays with you in Las Vegas. And as soon as you rolled your dice, the other one would always instantly show a number that added up to 7. Since this happens instantly, did your dice communicate at faster than speed of light to Macau? Scientists can create entangled photons, for example, by shining a laser on a nonlinear optical crystal. The Entanglement means that a pair of photons act like a single entity rather than two separate particles. To understand entanglement better, you first have to accept the fact that at the quantum scale, reality is fuzzy. Reality really doesn’t know what it is, until it is measured. This is like a single dice tossed in the air that doesn’t have a distinct face until it lands. When tossed up, it is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 all at once. Quantum particles are similar in that they do not have distinct properties until they are measured. Particles such as a photon exists in all possible states simultaneously. But when it is measured, it is in only one state. And if the photon is entangled, this measurement of one particle causes its entangled pair to simultaneously exhibit the opposite state, no matter what the distance is between them. Einstein disliked this idea of one particle influencing the other over long distances so much, he called it “spooky action at a distance.” Einstein believed that the particles carried information about each other at the moment that they were
How do you spot a psychopath? How do you spot a sociopath? You'll want to watch this video all the way to the end before you befriend, date, marry or work for anyone! Psychopath test Here: https://qst.darkfactor.org How to Spot a psychopath...You know the kind -- superbly charming, handsome, pretty, seemingly kind, humble, yet a complete psychopath. The problem is that psychopaths are good at deception. They will tell you what you want to hear, and lie straight to your face, and their body language can exude such confidence that you have no way to know that they are a complete fraud. But fortunately, scientists have recently discovered a definitive way to know whether a person is a psychopath or not. Researchers at the University of Cardiff in the U.K. have discovered a rather simple test to determine whether a person is a psychopath. They examined a normal group of people, and a known psychopathic group of criminals. They showed both groups disturbing images such as pictures of mutilated bodies, crime scenes, vicious dogs, and other “scary” images. The normal criminals had the normal reaction of enlarged pupils. But the psychopaths showed no physical change. Their pupils did not dilate, but stayed exactly the same. Normal human beings, when threatened, agitated or excited display dilated pupils. This is normal. It is a part of our fight or flight reaction. It helps us focus and get ready for battle or escape. Psychopaths however, are seemingly unmoved by these kinds of frightening pictures, and threatening situations. So how do you use this to your advantage in determining whether your new boss, your new date, or a friend is a psychopath. That’s not going to be easy. Maybe you show them a disgusting picture, or take them to see a horror movie, and watch their eyes very closely. That might be hard to do in a dark movie theater, so you may have watch it at home. Maybe you tell them an emotional or scary story, and look ver
What is string theory? When string theory is simplified - it can answer the question "Why do we exist?" First you must accept that there are two worlds we live in - the world of the large, the world we can see, which is familiar, calm, and predictable. And there is the world of the small, the world we can’t see, the quantum world, which is bizarre, chaotic, and unpredictable. #stringtheory The large is described by Einstein’s equations of relativity, and the small is described by the equations of quantum mechanics. These two parts of nature are incompatible when it comes to the equations of physics. The small is ruled by 3 forces – the strong nuclear force, the weak force, and electromagnetism. The large is ruled by gravity. Gravity is not like the other forces, and nobody has been able to figure out how it is related to the other forces. String theory attempts to do just that. And if it can, it would unite the small and large worlds of our universe into one set of equations, and would explain all particles and forces in the universe. This could be the theory of everything. String theory dispenses with the idea that the tiniest particles in nature are points, rather, string theory hypothesizes that at the smallest scales, nature is made of tiny vibrating bits of energy in the shape of filaments or strings. According to string theory all the elementary particles in the standard model are not points, but rather vibrating strings. Different vibrations of a string create the different particles, like different vibrations of piano strings create different notes. So according to ST, for example, one vibration may result in an electron, another may result in an Up quark. In fact the unique vibrations of these strings determine the mass, electric charge, and spin of all elementary particles. And it so happens that in one of its vibrations, a particle that has the properties of a graviton emerges from its mathematics. The graviton is a theoretica
Religions of the world Explained: 5 of the worlds most widespread and influential religions are Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism and Judaism. You may be surprised to learn that they all share something in common. In order to understand what they have in common, you have to know a little about them. So let's start with that. Buddhism The chief problem in life is suffering and it is caused by desiring worldly things. Suffering can be eliminated by getting rid of material desires. This will help you realize Nirvana, a state of bliss characterized by freedom from rebirths. Buddhists do not worship any God. Buddha was not a god, but a person who realized spiritual enlightenment and freedom from the cycle of birth and death. Most Buddhists believe a person has countless rebirths, which leads to suffering. To end these rebirths, the goal of a Buddhist is to purify one's heart and to let go of all yearnings of sensual desires and material attachment. Through practiced meditation a person may reach Nirvana – the ridding of desires, and freedom from reincarnations. Christianity: God is a loving God who offers everyone a personal relationship with himself now in this life. All people are born in sin. God sent his Son to earth to save humanity from the consequences of its sins. Faith in Jesus Christ can deliver you from your sins. Jesus was tortured and gave his life on the Cross (At the Crucifixion). Jesus rose from the dead on the third day after his Crucifixion (the Resurrection) and proved his deity. The holy book of Christianity is the Bible, consisting of the jewish old testament and new testament. Followers of Jesus regard the Bible as God's written message to humankind. In addition to being an historical record of Jesus' life and miracles. Hinduisim: The world is an illusion, and the goal of humanity is to free the soul from constant rebirth and reincarnations, and to be absorbed into the cosmic consciousness, called Brahman. C
Is time an illusion? If not, what is time? Why does time flow forward? You are watching this video. Your brain cells are firing in anticipation. A story is unfolding. Time is moving forward. Or is it? What if I told you that nothing is happening. There is no story unfolding. The story has already been told. The video has already been uploaded and seen by others. You are just watching it one second at a time, so there is a story unfolding for you only. What if your entire life was like this video upload, like a DVD. The story of your life is already on that DVD. The only difference is that you don’t have a forward and reverse button. You are forced to experience your DVD one moment at a time. There is some strong scientific evidence that this may be the true nature of reality. If so, that could mean that everything you think you know is utterly an illusion. Einstein’s theory of relativity supports something called the block universe, which is really a four dimensional space time structure. This means that every event has its own coordinates not only in space but in time. So for example, wherever you are right now corresponds to a location in 3 dimensions, like London, England - and a location in time, 2PM on Feb 2, 2019. But just like the space 10 feet ahead of you is as real as the space 10 feet behind you, so too is the moment 10 minutes into the future and 10 minutes into the past. In other words, the past and future exist just as much as the present. MIT physicist Max Tegmark says we can view the universe as a three dimensional space where stuff happens, or four dimensional block universe where nothing happens. If it is the latter, he says, then change is really an illusion, because nothing is changing. It’s all there – past, present and future – like a DVD. A drama maybe unfolding in the movie recorded on the dvd, but nothing about the DVD is changing in any way. We may have the illusion, at any given moment, that the past al
Future predictions in 2019 are notoriously hard to make. What will life be like in 2050? Technology does not progress in a steady state, it accelerates. And usually the technology advances faster than we can imagine it, let alone predict it. But still many predictions that were made in the past have turned out to be true, even though they were unimaginable at the time that the prediction was made. In 1865, Jules Verne, the author who wrote 20,000 leagues under the sea, and journey to the center of the earth, predicted that we would send people to the moon, and it would precisely 3 people, from of all places, Florida. And he even described weightlessness in space. He had no way to know 150 year ago how gravity would behave in space. In 1909, Nikola Tesla, the inventor of the AC electrical system, predicted widespread use of personal wireless devices. This was over 100 years ago! In 1987, the late Roger Ebert, famous movie critic, predicted video on demand dominating the entertainment industry. You have to remember, this was 30 years ago, a time when video cassette tapes were just getting popular. What do these predictions have in common – they were all ridiculed at the time as foolish speculation. But of course, we now know that they were pretty much spot-on. Let’s take a look at what I consider the top 10 most incredible predictions, from some of the world’s most renowned thinkers. #10 - According to Nadia Thalmann, computer graphics scientist at the University of Geneva, CGI will replace most extras and actors in movies. Only the main characters and A-list top stars of the movie will be live actors. This has already started to happen for example in movies like Avatar. Acting may not be a great career choice, not that it is right now. #9 - We’ll never have to go shopping for groceries or anything else again, as drones will deliver food and other items on demand directly to your home. This is already in the works, as you mig
What Happens To Your Energy when you Die? During the time that you will be watching this video, 500 people around the world will die. Their thoughts, their hopes, their dreams no longer with us. About 3 people die every 2 seconds. I hope you will not be one of them. But if are, you may take some comfort knowing that your energy will live on. It will not ever be destroyed. Does this mean that the energy of your spirit or consciousness will also live on? Your energy after you die will in fact be HIGHER than it is while you are alive. How is that possible? The energy and matter in the universe does not change. It merely changes form. This is the first law of thermodynamics. Energy and matter do not get destroyed. To understand why your body after death has more energy than when it was alive, you have to understand where all the energy in your body is. The vast majority of your energy is in the form of chemical energy stored in the fats, proteins and carbohydrates that you carry around in your tissues and fluids. About 20% of your body weight is in the form of fats, and another 15% is in the form of proteins. About 2% is in the form of carbohydrates. All these are forms of chemical potential energy. When you are alive, and you are moving around. Your body is continually converting the chemical energy that you carry around in your body, in the form of carbohydrates like glucose into heat and kinetic energy which is used to move your your muscles like your heart, your arms, legs, intestines. These movements are eventually converted to heat. The formula looks like this. C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP + Heat Glucose + oxygen = water + carbon dioxide + energy ATP or Adenine Triphosphate is what your muscles use to contract and move. And all this energy that you are constantly expending is eventually turned into carbon dioxide, water, and heat. If you looked at your living body through a heat camera, you would see a wh
Out of body and near death experiences. Are they proof of an afterlife? Out of body, mystical experiences are surprisingly common. Does this mean that life after death exists? A third of people who have been near death report experiencing such an event. This kind of experience typically involves feelings of peacefulness, out of body detachment, seeing a bright light or moving through a tunnel. Believers and people of faith say that this is proof of an afterlife, and is evidence of a God that has a plan for our souls upon death. Even scientists say that in order to prove the existence of an afterlife, someone would have to return from the dead to tell us what happened. Doesn’t this near death experience then provide proof of an after life? Or can this phenomenon be explained through testing and science? First, people’s near death experience seems to be almost universally positive, with people reporting feelings of peace, comfort and reduced anxiety. Second, culture seems to influence what people experience. A recent scientific study by Neuroscientists Blanke, Faivre and Dieguez concluded that the “disembodied” experience is due to disturbances in a part of the brain called the temporo-parietal cortex. This is the part of the brain that gives us a sense of self, and body. Electromagnetic stimulation of this area has been demonstrated to produce out of body experiences. What about the people that see tunnels and a bright light at the end of the tunnel? The late Carl Sagan, famous astrophysicist, suggested that death can produce a kind of “remembrance of birth syndrome.” A feeling of being in a tunnel and seeing a bright light at the end of the tunnel is not unlike what a baby might experience as it is being born. And perhaps death can create this connection with latent memories of ones birth, he argued. When the human brain is dying, researchers have found that the body releases endorphins. These are the natural “feel good” drugs tha
Investing for retirement. How to make a steady income of $1000/month. I want to share what I think would be a good strategy for someone who wants to retire early, or anyone who just wants make a steady monthly income from their investments. Let’s work with some numbers. The average retirement savings for someone 55 and above in the United states is about $185,000. Is there a way you can put this money to work such that you can get $1000/month or $12,000 per year of steady income for the rest of your life, without touching the principle? The good news is yes you can!! But you have to do it in a smart way so as to minimize the risks. And definitely avoid some investments that are pretty much scams. I am going to show you a way you can do this and minimize risk…coming up right now! In order to generate $1000/month from $185,000 – you have to get a return of 6.5% per year ($12,000/$185,000=6.47%) How is such a high return of 6.5% possible when the best interest rate you can get from savings at banks is closer to 2%. There are ways, but you have to be willing to take on additional risk. Smart risk. When I say “risk” I don’t mean risk like gambling your money at a Casino, where you can and you will lose all your money. By “risk” I mean the risk of losing some of your principle, on paper, because it can sometimes decline in value due to market fluctuations. You see, when you invest your money in a savings account at a bank, or money market, one of guarantees you get is that your principle of $185,000 will never go down in value. This is called “safety” which is short for “safety of principle.” Your principle of $185,000 is safe in value. The price you pay for this safety is low returns. In order to get a significantly higher rate of return like 6.5% instead of 2%, the compromise you have to be willing to make is to forgo this 100% safety of principle. You have to be willing to let your $185,000 fluctuate in market value
E8 image credit: Wikipedia | Title: E8 Petrie projection | Author: Jgmoxness | Source: | License: CC BY-SA 3.0 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:E8Petrie.svg E8 Lie group and E8 Lattice has sometimes been called the most beautiful mathematical structure in the world. Is it the theory of everything or the true nature of reality? It even has an entire research company behind it called "Quantum Gravity Research" Note: E8 root system animation provided courtesy of David Madore - www.madore.org. It is a 248 dimensional object, but it can also be thought of as an object that has 8 spatial dimensions, with 248 symmetries. Why is this structure important? Well, it happens to show up in parts of String Theory. But also in 2007, a theoretical physicist Antony Garrett Lisi published a paper proclaiming that the mathematics of this structure contained all the particles and forces in the universe. He called it the “the exceptionally simple theory of everything” What Lisi did is he found a relationship between this object and all the forces and particles we know about. According to the standard model, there are 4 fundamental forces in nature, strong force, weak force, electromagnetism and gravity. And there are 12 fundamental particles. In addition, each of these particles has a antiparticle of itself. In total, these make up all the elementary particles, and there are exactly 28 of them. 24 elementary particles, and 4 force carrier particles. Each of these distinct elementary particles has eight quantum numbers assigned to it, based on the charges each particle has. This brings the number of distinct particles to 224. Lisi found that he could mathematically equate all of these particles to one of the points in the E8 model. But the model has 248 points, not 224. So what about the empty 24 extra points? He simply created 24 new theoretical particles. Notice how the lines radiate from each point: Lisi also found patterns emerging between
The credit card industry is a hugely profitable business for banks, that’s why you see so many bank commercials trying to get you to use their cards. What do credit card companies not want you to know? Which credit card is best? And which credit card should you get -- to avoid getting ripped off? Credit cards are a huge profit center for banks and financial institutions. Why? Just think about it, the average interest that a bank charges on a credit card is 17.65% - this is legalized loan sharking, because a bank cannot charge this kind of interest rate anywhere else. Not on mortgages or business loans. The interest you pay on your mortgage for example is a much more reasonable 5%. Business loans are 8% or so. Credit cards more than double that. In addition, the average US household carries a balance of $7000 on their credit card. Multiply these numbers together: $7000 x 17.65% = $1235 -- This means that banks can expect $1235 per year of free income for every single person they can get to sign up for their credit card. That’s significant. That’s like getting a $100/month cable subscription fee for just giving you a piece of plastic. But that’s not the only profit center for banks, they also rake the merchants over the coals - by taking a cut of about 2 to 4% on every single purchase you make. This is called merchant transaction fees. Merchants pay this to the credit card companies for the “privilege” of accepting credit cards from consumers. They have no choice because you would rather use your credit cards than give them cash or checks. To make things even more unfair for you, the credit card loans and fees are set up so that once you accrue interest, it is not easy to pay it all off in one big lump sum, because you find out at the end of the month that interest is accumulating on top of interest. This is compound interest in reverse. Like I said, this is legalized loan sharking. So I implore you to never ever keep a monthly bal
Are aliens real? If so, Are aliens living among us? Do aliens exist? Are ufos real? Could a large alien ship be “hiding” somewhere in outer space, undetected by us? Let’s say they had some kind of cloaking technology, such that they could not be seen. This is not that difficult. Astronomers can only see things in the sky that either reflect light, or emit X-rays, infrared, radio signals some other kind of electromagnetic radiation. An advanced race could probably easily disguise these signatures. #arealiensreal But then you have to think, how would such a ship of aliens get here. They could not have come from our own solar system, we know the planets in our system well enough to know that there are no advanced civilizations on the other planets here. They would have had to come from another star system. But even the closest star system is 4.5 light year away. So to make such a trip they would need to travel very fast, something that is close to or a large fraction of the speed of light. But anything that travels even close to the speed of light would need to expend a lot of energy. For example to accelerate a motorcycle to 1/10 the speed of light would take the energy equivalent of 10 hydrogen bombs. We humans would have detected this kind of energy signature and would see such a ship coming. One of the presumptions we may be making is that these alien creatures are a lot like us. Most aliens you see in the movies and on TV, look a lot like humans, with 2 arms, 2 legs, 2 eyes, a mouth, but just with a bigger head. This is just a projection of our human point of view. We have no other reference point. It is highly unlikely that this is how aliens would actually look. What if these intelligent aliens are on a different size scale? What if these aliens are drastically smaller than us. Bacteria and viruses are life forms so small that we can’t detect them except with the most powerful microscopes. What if the aliens were 1000 times bigge
What is the absolute best place to invest your money for the high returns? To answer this question, you first have to realize two things. First no one can predict the future. I can only tell you what investment performed the best in the past, and based on that information, you may be able to conclude that this same investment will also perform the best in the future. The other thing you have to realize is that high returns also come with high risk, meaning your principle could fluctuate in value quite a bit. There is no such thing as high returns without high risk. If anyone tries to sell you something that has a high return with low or no risk – that is a sure sign that he is ripping you off and is lying to your face. And you should run. So because of the fluctuation in value, or higher risk, you should only make a high return investment if you have a long term horizon, meaning you don’t need to touch the money for at least 10 years. If you need the money for an expected expense before that time, don’t put it in this kind of investment So, as long as you understand these two things, here is the absolute highest return investment over the past. This should be no surprise – Stocks have had the highest returns over the past 50, 75, and 90 years versus any other type of investment. In fact, if you invested $10,000 in the US stock market just 50 years ago in 1969, you would have over $1,000,000 today. In fact over the past 100 years, the stock market has seen an average return of about 7% per year. At this rate, the value of your investment doubles every 10 years. There is no good reason to think this won’t continue. Now what you also have to realize is that although this is a spectacular increase, it also comes with risk. This means that some years are great while other years are not so great. In the past 80 years, for example, the stock market had a positive return in 50 of those years, and a negative return in about 30 of those years.
6 paradigm-shifting Discoveries About humanity and extraterrestrial life. Recent scientific discoveries have shattered our ideas about where we came from and where we are headed. They have mind blowing implications regarding what we thought we knew about our past, and more importantly, they tell us something about where we are headed. 6) Forget everything you think you know about Neanderthals. They were not ape-like, dumb brutes. They were in fact, just like us. And in a sense, they did not disappear 40,000 year ago. They evolved – into us. They interbred with us. That’s right, we had sex with them… and consequently 2% of all current human genes are Neanderthal genes. They gave us immunity from many diseases, and lighter skin colors. Yes, they were lighter skinned than us, not darker. 5) The original population of native Americans immigrated from Asia and went almost straight to South America hugging the West Coast of Canada and the United States, before a secondary migration into North America. You would have thought that if the first populations of Native Americans came from the far north, what is now the Bering strait, they should have expanded into North America first, before spreading to South America. But anthropological finds indicate that they went straight to South America first. This could have been because they followed warm weather or game migrations. Scientist think much of North America may still have been in recovery from the ice age 25,000 years ago when they first migrated there. 4) There are more stars in the universe than grains of sand on all the beaches of the world. And Every Star has at least one planet orbiting it. The Keppler telescope has confirmed this. This makes it mathematically impossible that there is not at least another world where life exists. There has to be other life in the universe. The math indicates that the earth being the only planet with life is 1 in 6 sextillion. 6 followed by 21 zeros. B
What is the efficient frontier? It shows you the best portfolio mix between stocks and bonds, or Stock to bond ratio. You are probably familiar with the phrase, “No pain, no gain” if you work out in a gym. Or the phrase, “Nothing ventured, nothing gained” when it comes to business. This basically means that you have to take some risk, to get some reward. This is also true in investing, that risk is proportional to returns. You usually get higher returns if you are willing to take higher risk. For example, the stock market has higher returns than butting your money in treasury bonds, but it also means you take on higher risk. Or does it? Modern portfolio theory has a way where you can have your cake and eat it too, meaning, you can get a higher return and lower your risk is certain circumstances. If you put $100 in a savings account at a bank in the united states, which essentially has no risk, because it is FDIC insured, meaning the US government guarantees that your $100 will never go down in value. The average interest you will get in it in the U.S. is 0.1%. This means that at the end of the year, your savings account will be worth $100.10. If you put your money in the US stock market, which can have high risk, meaning it can fluctuate quite a bit, and nothing is guaranteed, at the end of the year, you could have a portfolio value of as much as $138 as would have happened in 1995, or $63 as would have happened in 2008. This fluctuation in value of principal is called risk. But on average, if you didn’t touch the money, you would have an annual return of about 7%. After an average 10 year period, your $100 would be worth $200 if invested in stocks. In the bank after 10 years, your $100 would be worth a whopping $101.05. Where you invest depends on your tolerance for risk. If you think you would pull all your hair out watching the stock market drop the value of $100 to $63 because you needed the money for something, then the stock marke
The double slit experiment - Does consciousness create reality? Quantum mechanics shows us that particles are in superposition, meaning they can exist in different states and even multiple places at the same time. They are nothing more than waves of probabilities, until the moment that they are measured. One interpretation of this phenomenon is that the measurement being made requires a measurer, or a conscious observer. If this is correct, then it implies that consciousness has to be is an integral part of creating the world that we observe. Could this consciousness then be required for creating reality? Does this mean that there would be no reality without consciousness? Experiments can show that what we think of as particles behave like waves. Waves of probabilities. This is the foundation of Quantum mechanics. The famous double slit experiment illustrates this. What is bizarre is that when you try to find out what’s going on at the slits by placing a detector at the two slits to try to figure out which slit the individual atoms are going through – the “WHICH WAY” information, they all of a sudden stop behaving like waves, and behave like particles. Why do atoms and other particles behave this way? There are many interpretations of this phenomenon. The most widely accepted interpretation, called the Copenhagen interpretation, was devised in 1925 by Neils Bohr and Werner Heisenberg at the University of Copenhagen. Their theory proposed that the atom when it is not measured, is not distinct. But the Copenhagen interpretation does not say anything about consciousness. But what is measurement after all? Does measurement take place at the instrument that measures it? Does measurement necessarily require a consciousness? This is called the “measurement problem of quantum mechanics.” Physicists do not universally agree on a resolution. There are various interpretations. One such interpretation is called the von Neumann–Wigner interpretati
The worst way to withdraw money during retirement? No matter how old you are, retirement is approaching or is already here. This means that you are going to have to withdraw some of the money you worked your whole life to save. But there’s a way to withdraw this money so that you don’t end up putting it in Uncle Sam’s pocket instead of your own. You need to minimize taxes, and keeping your investments working for you for as long as possible.In fact, if you withdraw money the wrong way, it could cost you tens or even hundreds of thousands of dollars in lost potential gains and unnecessary taxes. First you should always withdraw from your taxable investment income first. This means withdraw the dividends and capital gains that you have earned on your investments every year. Why? Because you have already paid taxes on these, so keeping them in the investment is not saving you any taxes. And Municipal bond income, if you have it in your taxable account should be the first one to draw on because all interest is completely federal tax free. But otherwise dividends and interest income should be your first tap. If you are seventy and a half, the federal government requires that you withdraw a certain portion of your IRA. This is called RMD or Required Minimum Distribution. Uncle Sam does this because they want their money, and they don’t want you to sit on it forever. They think that once you’re 70, you should start withdrawing it, so that you can pay your taxes on them before you die. And if you don’t withdraw, they will penalize you. So you have to do this first because otherwise you end up paying a hefty penalty if you don’t. It is almost never a good idea to not withdraw the required amount, and instead pay the penalty. However, if you are not 70 and a half, and you don’t need to withdraw from an IRA, then don’t withdraw. The reason is that the Federal government is allowing this investment to grow tax free until you withdraw. This means that
The Delayed Choice Quantum Eraser explained simply provides a shocking answer to whether the future affects the past. Could it be possible that that the future can influence the present? An enhanced version of the famous double slit experiment, called the delayed choice quantum eraser implies exactly that mind blowing scenario – that future events can influence past results. What exactly is a delayed choice quantum eraser, and how can it possibly show that the future is affecting the past? In 1978, a physicist by the name of John Archibald Wheeler proposed a thought experiment, called delayed choice. Wheeler’s idea was to imagine light from a distant quasar being gravitationally lensed by a closer galaxy. Wheeler noted that this light could be observed on earth in two different ways. This is called a delayed choice because the observer’s choice of selecting how to measure the particle is being done billions of years from the time that the particle left the quasar. But how could this be?...the light began its journey billions of years ago, long before we decided on which experiment to perform. It would seem as if the quasar light “knew” whether it would be seen as a particle or wave billions of years before the experiment was even devised on earth. Does this prove that somehow the particle’s measurement of its current state has influenced its state in the past? The act of measurement gives reality to the quantum particle. So in the delayed-choice experiment, this means the quantum doesn’t become “real” until you measure it. So this experiment does not prove that the present has influenced the past because the light could have been a wave and particle at the same time, and only become real when it was measured. However, another more recent experiment set up used a more complicated method to determine this idea of the future influencing a past. It introduced something called the quantum eraser to the delayed choice. So it is called the Delayed Choice
The Best places to retire in the u.s. and the best places to retire. I have done the research for you by consolidating information from a variety of places. The worst states to retire: 1) New Jersey 2) Maryland 3) New York 4) West Virginia 5) Connecticut New Jersey has the worst combination of not only being among the top 6 most expensive states – for example, it has the highest property taxes in the U.S. at 2.4% vs. an average of 1.2% for the rest of the country, but they also have one of the highest costs of health care, and below average quality of life. Retirees in Maryland have the 2nd highest household income, but high taxes and cost of living will exhaust that pretty quickly. It’s 17% higher than average to live in this state. They don’t tax social security, but IRAs are taxable. And they tax estates and inheritance, so it’s miserable for your heirs. New York is one of the most expensive states to live in, with one of the highest poverty rates among retirees at over 11%. The state has high property tax and sales tax as well. And if that’s to bad enough, Healthcare is also expensive. West Virginia has better than average affordability, but its health care is one of the two worst in the nation, and Quality of life is in the bottom 10. And the state is not tax friendly either. Connecticut is the least tax friendly state in the country. Real estate taxes are the 2nd highest, retirement income is fully taxed with no exemptions, and all this is on top of one of the highest cost of living states - being 24% higher than average. The Five Best States to retire: 1) South Dakota 2) New Hampshire 3) Florida 4) Idaho 5) Utah South Dakota is most famously known as the state that has Mount Rushmore. It is also highly affordable with no state income tax, and very low cost of living, and low health care costs. There is zero taxes on retiree income, and there is no inheritance tax. There are plenty of outdoor activity options like
Quantum Creation – what came before the big bang - the mechanism of a universe out of NO-thing - no matter, no space, and no time. Ancient Greek cosmologist Parmenides said “Nothing comes from nothing.” He was likely referring to the law of conservation of energy, that no new energy can be created. This is true and is a scientific fact even today. So how could the Universe come from nothing? Since the discovery of quantum physics and relativity, we have discovered a flaw in this argument that allows the creation of something from truly nothing. The Universe indeed had a beginning about 13.8 billion years ago, with the Big Bang. But what was there before the Big Bang? How did the universe come about from nothing. The flaw that we have uncovered in Parmenides original argument of “nothing comes from nothing” is that gravity has negative energy. And matter has positive energy. In a closed universe, a spontaneous splitting of 0 energy into an equal amount of positive energy and negative energy would not violate any conservation laws, because no new energy would have been created. And in quantum mechanics, anything that is not forbidden by conservation laws has a non-zero probability of occurring. But then we did not start with nothing. We started with the vacuum of physics, which has virtual particles that come in and out of existence, over very short periods of time. it has a weight and can be scientifically measured. So this is not nothing. So a more fundamental question is can a universe really be created with truly nothing – that means no-thing – no space, no matter, no time, no nothing? To answer this question, let’s work our way back from where we are now. If you solve Einstein’s equations for a universe like ours, you discover that it describes a universe that is either contracting or expanding. At the beginning of the big bang, it has a finite size, below which you cannot go any smaller. How does an explosion like the big bang o
What happens to your atoms when you die? About 100 billion people have died since the dawn of humanity. Since the law of conservation of matter says that matter cannot be created or destroyed, all their atoms have to be still be around. The two most common human practices for disposing of dead bodies is burial underground and cremation. The majority of the molecules in your body are in the form of H2O or water. This will either evaporate out of the body and into the atmosphere, or be leached out into the ground. The rate of this leaching depends on the temperature and condition of the soil and the atmosphere to which the body is exposed. The vast majority of water even if it is in liquid form will enter earths water cycle where it will be eventually heated into steam, go up into the clouds, and come down as rain water. Much of this will eventually end up in rivers and lakes, and subsequently in your drinking water. Some of the rain water will be absorbed by plants. That water will be used in the process of photosynthesis, where the water and carbon dioxide, along with sunlight are involved in a chemical reaction that produces carbohydrates and oxygen. You and other fellow human beings will breathe this oxygen produced by plants to sustain your lives. And what about the carbohydrates produced from the water in photosynthesis? You and your fellow animals will eat it in the form of fruits and vegetables. And guess what, in the process of metabolizing all the carbohydrate food from plants, you will produce the food for plants – carbon dioxide and water. And the cycle repeats itself. What happens to all your soft tissues? Your soft tissues are composed of carbohydrates, fats and proteins that get metabolized with the help of about 100 trillion bacteria that live in your body. But wait, where did all these bacteria come from? And why aren’t they eating your right now? They have been living in your body all along – mostly in your gut – your small
How Does our Olfactory system work? How do we Smell? It turns out that quantum mechanics plays a big role. What you may not realize is that inside your nose rests a very sensitive quantum device that uses complex physics to give you the ability to distinguish, according to the latest estimates, 1 trillion different smells. In order for you to smell anything, molecules from that thing have to make it to your nose. Everything you smell is volatile is some way, meaning it is giving off molecules that float into the air and land inside your nose. But how do these molecules trigger the sense of smell? At the top of your nasal passages behind your nose, there is a patch of special neurons about the size of a postage stamp called the olfactory epithelium. They have hair-like projections called cilia that increase their surface area. Any molecule from anything with a smell binds to special smell receptors on these cilia and triggers the neuron causing a signal to your brain. This signal ends up in a primitive part of the brain called the limbic system which is associated with emotions and memory – so that is why smells can trigger strong memories and emotional reactions. These neurons are unique they come directly from your brain, and are out in the open where they can come into contact with the air. So this is the only place on your body where your central nervous system is directly exposed to the environment. Now the questions is how do the neurons get triggered? The standard explanation going back to the 1950’s had been that the receptors at the ends of these olfactory neurons can only accept particular shapes of molecules. There are 400 such smell receptors. And the exact type of smell is determined by how the molecules from the smelly compounds fit in the set of receptors of the receiving olfactory neurons. By triggering a particular combination of the 400 smell receptors, the brain interprets a particular kind of smell. It’s like a lock and key
Recession 2019 - could it happen? How to prepare for a recession? Will we have a recession in 2019? Yes, it’s very possible. The economy seems strong right now. But the U.S. has seen a quarterly economic expansion since 2009, 10 years. This is 4 years longer than the average expansion. This kind of growth can lead to inflation, and rising interest rates. And these are the biggest causes of a recession. So sometimes the law of averages can punch you in the face. A recession is a downturn in the economy that officially it occurs when the GDP or gross domestic product of a country is negative for 2 successive quarters, or 6 months. These recessions are inevitable. But they tend to sneak up on people because the statistics are not available until well after the 2nd negative quarter is over. So you don’t really know when you’re in a recession until it’s behind you. So it’s best to prepare for a downturn when things are good, like right now. It’s likely to come from self-inflicted wounds. Things like an escalating trade war with China. A hard Brexit for the U.K. Downturn in consumer and business sentiment, and political change in the U.K. or U.S. - these are all likely possibilities right now. Here are 6 small tips that can help you be prepared for this inevitability. And if the downturn doesn’t come, you will just be better prepared for the time when it does. 1) Pay off debt. There is nothing like being free of debt in order to increase your cash flow. Credit card debt should be first on your list, since it is the most costly at over 17% average interest per year. Mortgage debt is the least costly, and there are tax benefits, so it is not usually advisable to pay off this debt. But if you have automobile debt, personal debt, or other types of debt of over 7% APR after tax, then it is usually advisable to pay it off. 2) Reduce spending. A penny saved is a penny earned as Benjamin Franklin said over 200 years ago. Skip a vacation and
Do Aliens exist? Are we alone in the universe? Where is everyone? Fermi Paradox and Drake Equation: Where is everyone? You probably already know that there are more stars in the universe than all the sands on all the beaches of earth. In fact, Keppler data shows that just within our own Milky Way galaxy, there may be 10 billion earth-size planets orbiting sun-like stars in the habitable zone of its solar system. Physicist Enrico Fermi, in the 1950’s, asked why, given the vast number of potential planets with life, haven’t we been contacted by aliens yet? Fermi reasoned that any civilization could colonize the galaxy by building AI robot probes that could self-replicate as they journeyed beyond their home planet. Even though the distances between habitable planets are much too vast to be traversed in a human lifetime, the theoretical robots would have had millions or even billions of years to make the journey. This seems to be a reasonable assessment because when our instruments look out into the universe, we can see that the materials and conditions for life that are present here on earth, But the fact is that our instruments can see no evidence from all our observations of any tell-tale signs of intelligent life anywhere in our solar system, our galaxy or the rest of the observable universe. In order to detect the kind of signal that Fermi was talking about, that life also has to be super intelligent…One that sends out electromagnetic signals. And in order for us to detect intelligent life on other galaxies, that species would have to be a space colonizing species. Such a galaxy should light up unnaturally. So even having intelligent beings on a planet is not enough, because many intelligent beings have evolved on earth, but super intelligence – space-faring species, like us humans, only evolved only once over 4 billion year on earth. The Observation selection effect creates a bias in our thinking because no matter how unlikely super intelligence
The 9 companies that will dominate AI. Artificial Intelligence or AI, it is said by many, will be man’s last invention. Why? Because AI is more than just hardware and software, AI will allow machines to learn. This machine learning will allow programs to make decisions and to think on their own. They will be able to iterate themselves, through trial and error, to perfection. But there are only 9 companies that will dominate this potentially huge industry. These are the companies you should either try to work for, associate yourself with, or invest in. Alibaba are the third largest ecommerce company in the world. They are investing $15B in global research labs in multiple countries dedicated to AI innovations. Their newest chatbot can understand human emotions, and respond accordingly, including alerting service reps to intervene. They have 200 AI powered robots in automated warehouses that process one million shipments per day. And they are creating AI robots in the hospitality sector that can deliver meals and laundry to guests. Amazon is the largest ecommerce company in the world. Amazon has expanded Alexa to Amazon Lex. Amazon Polly, and Amazon Rekognition. These technologies are involved in text to speech conversion, and face recognition using artificial intelligence. Amazon is creating AI powered self-guided drones that can deliver products weighing as much as an unbelievable - one ton. They use ai to determine product search rankings, recommendations, and ad placement. Apple - has Siri ai voice assistant. They have invested in a range of AI startups, including Emotient, which produces facial recognition technology, Vocal IQ, which provides a platform for voice interfaces, and Silk Labs, which makes AI software for consumer devices. Apple CEO, Tim Cook announced that they will be investing $10 Billion building data centers just in the U.S. Chinese tech company Baidu is the largest provider of Chinese language internet search. The
The simulation argument. Is the matrix real? Could your reality including everything you’ve ever known, be nothing more than pixels on a super advanced computer simulation? The argument that we may be living in a simulation is that a sufficiently advanced intelligent civilization could easily create ancestor simulations, because they would have the computing power to do so. The amount of computing power needed to simulate a human mind can be roughly estimated. Hans Morovec, an expert in robotics at Carnegie Mellon university estimated this to be about ~10^14 operations per second, based on actual computer modeling of individual nervous tissues. Another estimate by Nick Bostrom of Oxford University have shown this to be up to 10^17 operations per second based on simulating the interconnection of synapses in the brain. And this kind of simulation would make the simulated beings conscious because they would essentially have exactly the same brain capability of any real humans. K. Eric Drexler, a PhD engineer from MIT outlined a design for a system the size of a sugar cube that could perform 10^21 operations per second. And Robert Bradbury, has conceptualized a hypothetical computing megastructure, called a Matryoshka brain, based on a planet sized Dyson sphere that would have computing power on the order of 10^42 operations per second. A total computing power of 10^27 would be all that is required to simulate the brains of every single person on earth. And a Matryoshka brain could simulate Trillions and trillions of earths. In fact, based on these computational densities, even a much smaller computer structure the size of the Empire State building could easily simulate a trillions of humans. To make a simulation, not only would the brain need to be simulated, but also our environment and the passing of time. But if all we are trying to do is create a realistic simulation for humans, we don’t need that level of granularity. When people look up
Parallel universes are not a theory, but deductions from the "Many Worlds" interpretation of quantum mechanics. And there is at least on other theory that predicts not alternate universes but parallel universes where the universes are just like ours, only slightly different, where different versions of us could exist. One is the idea of Infinite universes. The reason space appears to be only 13.7 billion light years in radius is because That limit is set by the distance that light has had the ability to travel since the instant of the Big Bang. The universe is likely larger, and perhaps infinitely larger. If space is infinite, then it must start repeating at some point, because there are a finite number of ways that any set of particles can be arranged. Physicist Brian Greene calculated this number to be 10^10^122 --- this is a very very large number, but it is minuscule compared to infinity. So if you travel far enough in space, you should see another version of you living in completely different circumstances, perhaps as president of the United States, or as rich as Bill Gates. But the most intriguing theory that leads to parallel universes comes from the many worlds interpretation was proposed by Hugh Everett for his phD thesis in 1957 at Princeton University. This theory says that the wave never collapses, that every time a wave seemingly collapses in our universe, there is a parallel universe where no such collapse happens. This interpretations implies that reality splits like a fork in the road whenever a wave collapse occurs. In effect, the entire universe is one gigantic wave function that contains all possible realities. Everett called it the “universal wave function,” in his thesis. So the universe is also in superposition of all possible states of its constituent particles. As it evolves, some of these superpositions break down, making certain realities or worlds distinct and isolated from each other. The many worlds interpretation avoids
Water on earth is found in all three forms. But how did water get on earth? Where did the water on earth come from? The earth has an estimated 325 million trillion gallons of it. But earth began as a barren, lifeless, waterless ball of fire in its early history. There could not have been much water at the start. So what was the source of water? A single molecule of water is made up of 3 atoms, 2 atoms of hydrogen, and one atom of Oxygen, much rarer than hydrogen but still abundant. The journey of the first molecule of water starts almost 13.8 billion years ago, at the time of the big bang. There were no atoms formed yet, only protons and neutrons. It took about 400,000 years for the universe to cool down enough for electrons to be captured in orbits around protons. And this is what formed the first atom, simply one electron one proton. This was hydrogen. Oxygen is a much heavier and more complicated atom than hydrogen. It has 8 electrons orbiting a nucleus consisting of 8 protons and 8 neutrons. It took about another billion years or so before the first oxygen atoms were formed because it required nuclear fusion. This can only occur in nature, in the heart or center of stars. The earliest stars were massive. But this also made them short lived. And about 600 million years after the big bang is when some of the first stars began to go supernova, but just before these massive supernova explosions, in their core, lighter atoms fused to form heavier atoms like oxygen, carbon, and others. When these stars blew up in huge supernova explosions, the oxygen and other heavier elements began to disperse into space and spread out. Hydrogen and Oxygen with the help of some energy, fused together to form Water. After formation of this water, it turned to ice in the coldness of space and mixed with other dust particles that were simply floating in space for eons of time. And when enough dust from multiple supernova explosions collected over time in
What are Cheapest places and best places to live in the world on $1000 per month? I looked at 32 cheapest countries that are on multiple lists of best countries to retire, and after examining all the costs, health care, safety, entertainment, and ease of getting a visa. I have come up with a list of the 5 best countries that you should consider moving to if you want to live well on $1000 per month or less. #arvinash #moneymondays Going abroad can be scary, because of the many unknowns and questions that come to mind, such as 1) Will I have to learn another language 2) Will it be safe 3) What are the visa requirement for 4) Which city should I live in 5) What will I need to budget. Here are the 5 best, safest, and cheapest countries in alphabetical order: Bolivia is probably the cheapest place to live in South America. Bolivia has the largest Native American population in South America. Farming is the main occupation of Bolivians. Cochabamba is a popular choice among expats who want a slow lifestyle and access to some of the comforts of home. Not only is the food affordable, but also healthcare and the real estate. You can live in a detached house for $500 a month in rent. The main drawback to Bolivia is that you will need to learn Spanish to get around, as English is not widely spoken. To retire here, you’ll need to apply for something called a "specific purpose visa." at a cost of $160. They also require a letter stating your intentions, proof of your financial situation, and a police record check. You can usually renew the visa every two or five-years depending on type. Cambodia will allow you to upgrade your lifestyle to luxurious on a modest budget. There are lots of Western influences for foods to restaurants to movies. You can have a house cleaner that costs $40 per month. The city Siem Reap in northwestern Cambodia would be a good choice. It is easy to get around here, especially on a motorbike, and most places have reliable Wi-Fi. Another bi
Quantum Immortality - is it real? Quantum mechanics shows that all particles are not particles at all but really waves of probabilities. There are two common interpretations of how these waves become distinct- one is the "many worlds theory." The most conventional interpretation is called the Copenhagen interpretation, and it says that the probability wave collapses, and the particles become distinct at the moment they are observed. It should be noted that these observations are measurements and do not necessarily require a conscious observer. A competing interpretation to this is called the many worlds interpretation. It postulates that no collapse actually occurs…That everything in the entire universe is wave function and remains a wave function. This interpretation rejects the idea wave function "collapse" altogether. According to this, probability waves never collapse but what we observe as a distinct reality only occurs for us in this reality, but does not collapse in another reality. So reality in continually branching off into parallel worlds whenever a measurement or observation occurs. This is why it is called the many worlds interpretation because as wave collapse occurs due to observations, a parallel universe is created where wave collapse does not occur. This theory introduces the seemingly absurd complication of creating a near infinite number of parallel worlds, so why is it so widely embraced by physicists? Proponents argue that this interpretation actually simplifies and explains the seeming randomness of quantum physics. Since all possibilities are potentially real in various branches of parallel universes, there is no randomness. There is no chance. All possibilities occur in numerous parallel realities. It only seems random to us because we experience reality in only one of the branches. All possible alternate histories and futures are equally real and can exist in parallel. So every time you had a brush with death, you di
Hydrogen bomb how does it work? The bomb on Hiroshima released the energy equivalent of 15,000 tons of TNT. The first hydrogen bomb released the energy equivalent of 10,000,000 tons of TNT. While the atomic bomb like the one that was dropped on Hiroshima worked on the principle of releasing energy through the splitting of atoms – also called fission, a hydrogen bomb does something that releases even more energy, and that is it fuses atoms together. Fusion is even more powerful than fission. It is the same process that powers our sun. How does fusion work? The fusion bomb creates energy by combining two isotopes of hydrogen called deuterium and Tritium to create helium. A large amount of energy is released when these two isotopes fuse together to form helium because a helium atom has much less energy than these two isotopes combined. This excess energy is released in the explosion. Lithium-deuteride is what most hydrogen bombs today use as their fuel. But how does the process of fusion actually occur? Ordinarily the nuclei of two atoms cannot be combined because these nuclei have strong positive electrical charges and repel each other. It turns out that if you increase the temperature by millions of degrees, it is possible to combine nuclei together. The temperatures needed are astronomical - higher than even that at the center of the sun – 100 million degrees Celsius. This is when the electrons orbiting the nuclei is stripped away from the nucleus and the nuclei and electrons are floating around freely in a kind of high temperature soup. At this temperature, the nuclei can get very close to each other and the strong nuclear strong force binds the protons and neutrons together to form a helium nucleus and a free neutron. So how is a temperature of 100 million degrees achieved? This is where the fission or atomic bomb inside the hydrogen bomb enclosure comes in. The purpose of the fission bomb is to to heat up the fusion reaction to
Bob Lazar and area 51. Element 115. Could the fluxliner or alien gravity propulsion system work? In a 2018 Netflix documentary, Bob Lazar claims to be a physicist who worked for a very secret site called S-4, near Area 51. His job was to reverse-engineer alien UFO propulsion technology. He claims that not only are there an alien space craft there, but that these crafts are from the Zeta Reticuli star system, and can bend and fold space time in order to propel themselves to anywhere in the universe without the need to travel near the speed of light. In this video I examine if he is orchestrating an elaborate hoax, or whether the alien technology is scientifically plausible. A lot of people don’t know that Area 51 was not that well known until Bob Lazar made some bold claims about aliens and alien crafts being stored there back 30 years ago in 1989. In the Netflix documentary, Mr. Lazar outlines how the space folding engines on these space crafts are set up. Incredible claims like folding space require incredible evidence. There’s no physical evidence to speak of, but there is his eye witness report. In the documentary, he describes the physical set up of the engines, but what the documentary did not show is his description of how the alien engines works. Here is how Mr. Lazar described the alien propulsion system: “ (it generates)…an intense gravitational field and using that field to distort space/time, bringing the destination to the source, and allowing you to cross many light years of space in little time and without traveling in a linear mode near the speed of light.” Distorting space/time is not a big deal. All matter distorts space and time. That’s what gravity is. What Mr. Lazar I think is alluding to is the idea of creating a wormhole in space to go instantly from one location to another. The problem is that in order to create a wormhole this size, according to everything we know requires an enormous amount of energy. I mean the energy c
Moon Landing that almost never happened. In 1969 Apollo 11 had a disaster no one knows about A thousand years from now, when historians look back on the history of mankind, Neil Armstrong’s name will likely still be remembered. The moon landing is perhaps man’s greatest technological accomplishment ever in the history of human civilization. The 50 year anniversary of this event is in 2019. The odds for success were very low. Even Neil Armstrong only gave it a 50% chance. Computer technology was measured in Kilobytes and megahertz at the time, not terabytes and gigahertz of today – a million times less powerful. The astronauts had to be shielded from deadly cosmic rays. The number of stages involved in rocket launch to earth orbit, to lunar orbit, to descent on the moon, to ascent, to landing back on earth all had to happen with no room for error. Is it any wonder that millions of people believe that we never landed there? Yet, it happened – not just once, but six times over 3 and ½ years between 1969 and 1972. But the very first mission had two life threatening events that could have easily ended in disaster. The incredible moon landing and take-off disasters averted by Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong is shown here. They were in the Eagle lunar module on their final descent. They were falling rapidly towards the surface of the moon at 20 feet per second. But when they looked out the window, they did not recognize anything they saw. They had not seen this terrain in any of their Apollo simulations. A navigational error and faster than anticipated speed caused them to overshoot the planned landing zone by four miles. So now the terrain was not smooth. Instead, there was a huge crater field, and car sized boulders – dangerous areas to land. But they had to land, and land soon, because they were running low on fuel. Armstrong decided to level the craft and cruise horizontally until he could find a smoother surface to land on. If they did not land
Holographic Universe? Are we living on a hologram? Or inside a black hole? Our perception is that we live in a three dimensional world. What if our three dimensions, can be equally represented on a two dimensional surface? Does this mean we live in a hologram? Or could we be inside a black hole? To understand the idea of the holographic universe, we have to start with two things, a black hole, and Stephen Hawking. A black hole is an object with so much gravity that even light cannot escape it. Near a black hole, there is something called the event horizon, that is the point beyond which light is stuck, it cannot escape the gravity. Space itself is falling inside the blackhole at the speed of light. The event horizon of a black hole forms a sphere around the black hole. We don’t really know much what happens inside the black hole. Things falling in seen to leave our universe and end up elsewhere. Stephen Hawking, in 1981, proposed that this event horizon may be breaking one of the fundamental rules of physics - conservation of information. He showed that things that fall into the black hole seemingly disappear from this universe forever, that information is destroyed. This is the information paradox. How is information destroyed? You can burn a book. Doesn’t that destroy information? Not exactly, the information is still available in the universe. If we had the right quantum tools to recapture all the energy and matter from the burning process, we could theoretically put all the information back together again. Nothing is lost in terms of quantum mechanics. Stephen Hawking was saying something different. This was so earth shattering to quantum physicists. Two physicists that were shocked by Hawkings paper were Gerard t’ Hooft and Leonard Suskind. They proposed a solution to the information paradox, and in 1997, Argentinian physicist Juan Maldecena, put it in very precise mathematical terms. What they showed is that even though infor
Alcubierre warp drive - faster than light travel? Is Warp speed possible? Enterprise from Star Trek can go 9000 times the speed of light. By comparison, the fastest manmade object, the Juno probe goes 0.0002 times the speed of light. At this rate, it would take 20,000 years to reach the nearest alien planet, which with the Enterprise, would take only 4.5 hours. But isn’t faster than light travel forbidden by Einstein’s special theory of relativity? There is a loophole. Mexican physicist, and Star Trek fan, Miguel Alcubierre published a paper on “The warp drive”. He manipulated Einstein’s equations of general relativity to make a warp field emerge - regardless of whether other laws of physics would allow it. But his equations are mathematically consistent solutions to Einstein’s equations. And this is how Alcubierre’s warp drive would work: Take a space ship and put a bubble of space around it. If you can compress space in front of the bubble, and expand space behind the bubble, then you can make the bubble of space along with the space ship, move. This would be like riding a wave on a surfboard. This is where the loophole is in Einstein’s speed limit, that nothing can move faster than the speed of light. This speed limit only applies to objects traveling within space, not the movement of space itself. Space can move at any speed. So that bubble of space in Alcubierre’s geometric solution can move at any arbitrary speed, theoretically, even 9000 times the speed of light. But Can space really move at faster than light speed? Yes. Space is being expanded in the back of our spaceship, and being contracted in front of it. Can space expand and contract like this? Yes, Space is allowed to do both. Space is contracting around you and earth right now. That’s what gravity is. Similarly, Space can expand too. It is expanding right now on a cosmological scale. Alcubeirre’s warp drive, creates a bubble around the ship, which is like the surfboard.
What is inside a Black Hole? A black hole is really not a celestial body like a planet or a star. There is really no substance there other than a severely curved space-time. It’a a region in space where matter is condensed to a theoretical infinitely small point – so small in fact that this point effectively disappears from our universe. This is called the gravitational singularity. So if there is nothing there, what does it mean when we talk about different size black holes? When we talk about the size of a black hole, we are really talking about the size of its event horizon. The radius of this event horizon is called the Schwarzschild radius. What happens beyond the event horizon can be ascertained by general relativity, but what happens at the singularity is anyone’s guess. The more massive a black hole is, the less its “density” and the less dangerous it is. Very large black holes like the one at the center of the milky way called Sagittarius A* has about the same density as that of water. You could likely go deep inside Sagittarius A*’s event horizon before tidal forces eventually tore you apart near the singularity. As Adam gets closer to the event horizon, we notice that he speeds up, then he slows down and his space suit appears to get redder and fainter until he disappears from our view. He is still there, but the light reflecting off of him is so red shifted that it is invisible even to our infrared cameras. He would appear to be completely stationary. This is because at the event horizon, from the perspective of the ship, time stops completely. From Adam’s perspective his time is running just fine. Spacetime curves more and more severely as he gets close to the black hole. Looking back, all the light reaching him is being blue shifted. Light that was infra red, not visible to him before, is now in the visible spectrum. And light that was visible before has blue shifted to x-rays, and even gamma rays. Would he be able to se
Einstein's Special Relativity Explained Simply - no math This entire revolution in physics started with a simple thought experiments, in the prolific imagination before Einstein even graduated from high school. Einstein’s theory of special relativity is convention today. But to understand how revolutionary it was for its time, it is helpful to look at what the conventional understanding of physics was during the time of Einstein’s teenage years. In 1801, Thomas Young had conducted a simple double slit experiment that showed that light behaved like a wave. So the theory about light at the time was that it was a wave. The problem is that a wave, it was thought, had to move through some sort of medium. They called this substance the luminiferous aether. But in 1887, two scientists by the name of Albert Michelson and Edward Morely came up with an idea to test the existence of the aether. The background ether was believed to be unmoving and static, so if the wave was traveling in the same direction as the earth, the speed of the wave should be higher in the direction of the speed of the earth. Michelson and Morley showed that there was no difference in the speed of light of the two measurements. This seriously jeopardized the aether theory. Einstein knew this, so he came up with a thought experiment as a 16 year old. His thought was to imagine that he was chasing a beam of light while traveling at the speed of light himself. What would he see? If young Albert could catch up to the beam, he should see a stationary wave. Yet that was impossible. Einstein knew such stationary fields would violate the equations of electromagnetism developed by James Clerk Maxwell 20 years earlier. So he came up with two postulates, and tried to figure out what the physics would be if the two postulates were true. Postulate 1 was that the laws of physics are the same for all inertial reference frames. Postulate 2 was that the speed of light in a vacuum is consta
Sponsored by Kishore Tipirneni's new book "A New Eden" available here: https://getbook.at/NewEden | Abiogenesis – origin of life. Living matter from non-living matter. The origin of living organisms from inorganic or non-living material is called abiogenesis. But abiogenesis is not evolution. Despite the incredible variations of life we see today, at the fundamental level, all living things contain three elements: Nucleic acids, Proteins, and lipids. These three things had to have been present in order for life to start. The most important component may have been lipids which make up the cell walls because without a way to encapsulate certain elements, they various chemicals could not come together to potentially interact. Lipids molecules have a unique structure. The round part loves water. The tail part hates water. So it has a tendency to self-assemble into natural spheres. However, when there are certain salt ions present, it destroys the lipid spheres. But RNA and other functions of a cell require salts and other ions. However, researchers at the University of Washington showed that lipid spheres do not disassemble if they are in the presence of amino acids, precursor to protein molecules. So it turns out that lipid cell walls and proteins need each other to exist, in salty water. Today, genetic information is stored in DNA. RNA is created from DNA. The simplicity of RNA compared to its cousin DNA, is the reason that most scientists think DNA came from RNA. This is part of the “RNA world" HYPOTHESIS, which theorizes that RNA was the essential precursor which led to the first living matter. But how did the first RNA molecule form from non-living chemicals? This is not clear cut, so here are some theories. RNA is made of three chemical components: the sugar ribose, the bases and phosphate. Figuring out how the bond between the bases and ribose first formed has been a difficult to replicate in the lab because cells in our body require complex
Is teleportation possible? In the Star Trek transporter, the atoms in your body get converted to their subatomic particles – protons, neutrons, and electrons, and are transmitted as a stream of particles to the surface of a planet or wherever the transporter sends it, and are somehow reconstituted. To get the subatomic particles into a matter stream, first we have to take molecules apart into atoms. Then we have to take the atoms apart into their constituent neutrons, protons and electrons. Taking molecules apart requires a lot less energy than taking the nuclei of atoms apart. Molecules can come together and apart in normal chemical reactions, for example when you mix baking soda and vinegar, you are taking apart atoms from molecules and putting them together to make new molecules. But taking nuclei apart is whole other ball game. The forces holding neutrons and protons together in the nucleus, called the strong nuclear force, is millions of times more powerful than the electrical forces holding atoms together in a molecule. The body consists of about 1x10^28 atoms. If you want to turn all these atoms into neutrons and protons, all the nuclear binding energy of the strong nuclear force will need to be overcome. This turns out to be the energy equivalent of about a 20 megatons of TNT, or a very large hydrogen bomb Why not just take the atoms of the body and beam them? This would take a lot less energy, and would be less complicated to reconstitute back into a human. So this would probably be a better way to go. But we are going strictly by the Star Trek technical manual. But debonding would not be the end of the story because now that you have all these subatomic particles, you have to transport them at very high speed to the surface of a planet. the energy required to move these subatomic particles is about equivalent to about their rest mass, or about 100kg. This is a lot of energy, equal to about 2000 megatons of tnt. But if you just
Why do we dream? What do dreams mean? What are dreams? We know that we dream while we are asleep. Sleep can be divided into two categories rapid eye movement or REM sleep, and non-REM sleep. When you fall asleep, non-REM occurs first, then you fall into an REM sleep. Deep sleep actually occurs in non-REM sleep. During this time, you body temperature and heart rate fall, and the brain uses less energy. About 90 minutes later, however, we go into REM sleep where our brain activity picks up again, and is very similar to when we are awake. Although this is a smaller portion of total sleep, only about 20-25%, this is when dreams happen. During REM sleep, the brain is telling the body to move, just as if you were awake, but a tiny area of the brain called the pons, causes the body to be paralyzed. The only thing that is not paralyzed is your eyes. That’s why you have rapid eye movement during this period. But what is the purpose of sleeping? One purpose appears to be to restore the brain’s energy. But what is the meaning of dreams? Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis, explained dreams as manifestations of a person’s innermost desires. He believed that almost all dreams held some kind of sexual meaning. But the theory that symbols in dreams have meaning is rejected by most scientists today, and much of Freud’s theory has been discredited. So if Freud was wrong, then what do dreams mean? There are a few characteristics that all dreams seem to have in common. 1) We usually cannot remember them 2) When we do remember them, they do not seem to make sense 3) They seem to trigger some of our deepest emotions 4) They seem profound Can these characteristics of dreams be explained by science? Yes. During REM sleep, the part of brain involved in logic and reason, called the prefrontal cortex is turned off, but the emotional part of the brain, located in the hippocampus and amygdala are very active. Since our reasoning ability is not really working,
Visualizing the smallest size in the universe – Planck Length & why you can’t go smaller Visualizing Planck length – why is it the smallest in the universe? Graphics courtesy of Michael and Cary Huang: http://www.htwins.net/ The scale of the universe is bigger than you can imagine. It is also smaller than you can imagine. The smallest lenth theorized to be possible, the Planck length is about 4 X 10^-35 meters. Just imagine things that are about the size of your body. Things like the giant earthworm that lives along streams in Australia. Or a big beachball, which can be found near oceans and beaches all across America. Now, lets go smaller by one order of magnitude, so now we are looking at things that are on the scale of about 10 centimeters. These are things like the shrew, or a chicken egg. Now let’s go a thousand times smaller than the scale of a human being, on the order of 1 millimeter or one thousand of a meter. Here, you’ll find things like a grain of sand or dust mites. Let’s go 1000 times smaller than this scale. Now we are going a hundred times smaller than the width of a human hair. And ten times smaller than even bacteria. Here, we are going to find things like large viruses. Let’s keep going to 1000 times smaller this. This is nanometers, or one billionth of a meter. Now we are exploring a universe that we can’t see with optical telescopes. This is on the scale of the size of molecules like DNA and the glucose molecule, that your body uses as its source of energy. And the scale of the biggest atom – cesium. Let’s go 1000 times smaller than this. This is one trillionth of a meter. This is on the order of the wavelength of gamma rays. This is the highest energy electromagnetic radiation, consisting of the most energetic photons. Let’s go 1000 times smaller than this. This is 1X 10^-15 or one quadrillionth of a meter. This is the size of particles that make up the nucleus of all atoms, protons and neutrons. The size of a typ
Get Surfshark VPN at https://surfshark.deals/ArvinAsh - Enter promo code "ArvinAsh" for 83% off and 3 extra month free! How does evolution occur? How does natural selection work? Evolution explained. Common misconceptions. Evolution is one of the most tested, well-established theories backed by solid evidence in all of science. Yet, it remains one of the most misunderstood. Some common things you hear are: - Evolution makes organisms change to better suit their environment - Evolution occurs by random chance and mutations - Humans are the most evolved species - Evolution is just a theory so it’s speculation - If humans came from monkeys, there wouldn’t be any more monkeys - Thermodynamics disproves evolution Evolution is inherited change in a population of organisms over time resulting in appearance of new forms, under the influence of pressure from the environment. Note changes are in populations not individual organisms. Another point is that this change does not occur by random chance. Natural selection is the opposite of random chance. It is driven by a survival and reproductive advantage. Mutations are random but they are driven by a non-random process called natural selection. But the vast majority of these genetic mistakes are either neutral or harmful. Only about 0.01% are beneficial, meaning 99.99% of all mutations are neutral or harmful. Any variation that makes an organism more “fit” for survival is more likely to spread in the gene pool through through this process. A better fit organism does not mean that bigger, faster, or stronger individuals are favored. Only individuals that have a better chance for survival and reproduction are favored. Ultimately, evolution is not goal oriented or a linear process towards some kind of “progress.” It is simply about fitting best in one’s environment, and having the opportunity to reproduce. Some organisms may not change over long periods of time. Take the example of the American Alligat
Are you the only conscious mind? Are you the one? Does the universe revolve around you? Solipsism philosophy is scary. The science of Solipsism is presented here. From your point of view, the only sentience you have is your own. You can’t know or perceive whether anyone else is really conscious. What if they aren’t? What if you’re the only one? Everyone could be a philosophical zombie. This is the essence of Solipsism. What do you really see when you look in the mirror. A scientist might say that when you look through your eyes, packets of electromagnetic radiation, called photons enter the pupil of your eye, get focused by a lens, hit your retina and trigger electrical signals in your optic nerve, that travels to the LGN, then to visual cortex in the back of your brain, where it gets interpreted and is made available to your consciousness which may be located according to recent studies in a tiny area of the brainstem called pontine tegmentum and 2 small areas of the cerebral cortex connected to it. A philosopher might say that the you are the consciousness behind your eyes. The you is your awareness of yourself, and your yourself in you surroundings, and your place in the universe. A Solipsist believes that she is the consciousness behind her eyes, but the difference is she believes she is the ONLY consciousness. She believes that only her consciousness is fundamental in the universe in which she resides. Is there any irrefutable proof of anything other than the existence of yourself? If that is the case then is it rational to assume that anything else actually exists? According to information theory, a closed system cannot generate something more complex than itself. But the universe is more complicated than you. How would you explain the fact that other people, whom you don’t think exist came up with the laws that explain your world? But maybe this complexity is part of the illusion too. Science doesn't claim to know the ultimate reality
Get MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/arvinash and get an exclusive offer for our viewers: an extended, month-long trial, FREE. MagellanTV has the largest and best collection of Science content anywhere, including Space, Physics, Technology, Nature, Mind and Body, and a growing collection of 4K. This new streaming service has 3000 great documentaries. Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/genres/science-and-tech Become a Patron: https://www.patreon.com/bePatron?u=17543985 What is this mysterious quantum tunneling effect, where does it come from? And why is it one of the most important phenomena in physics? Quantum mechanics shows that quantum objects have a wave-particle duality. What we think of as an electron particle actually behaves like a wave, a probability wave. This means that its position is not a precise location in space. It is defined by a wave function that can only tell us the probability of finding it a particular location when measured. The wave function of a particle exists in all of space, in the entire universe up to infinity. So there is always a non-zero probability of finding the electron anywhere, including outside a barrier. We can attribute this behavior to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. It states that the uncertainty in a particle’s position times the uncertainty in its momentum has to be greater than a finite number. Practically this means we cannot know with 100% certainty what the position of that electron is. And the wave function of the electron, which gives us the probability of finding it at any location can be found using the Schrodinger equation. This equation was developed by Erwin Schrödinger in 1926, and it is the equation that describes the wave nature of matter. The Greek letter psi in the equation is the wave function. The wave function depends on both time and position. It can be both positive or negative, but the square is
Try Blinkist free for 7 days: https://www.blinkist.com/arvinash Physicists know how to use the equations of quantum mechanics to predict things, but don't really understand what is fundamentally going on. The primary challenge is that according to the equations of QM, all particles exist in a state of superposition. In fact, before it is measured, the particle is said to be in many states at once. How does one explain the transition from the behavior of objects at quantum scales to their classical behavior upon measurement? The various interpretations of quantum mechanics are attempts to explain this transition. The standard is the Copenhagen interpretation because if was devised in Copenhagen, Denmark by Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg. This is taught to most students in college. But even a majority of physicists do not agree that this is the correct interpretation. There is no single interpretation that has a consensus agreement. Most interpretations focus on the Schrodinger equation and the wavefunction to explain quantum behavior. This equation was developed by Irish-Austrian physicist Erwin Schrodinger in 1926. It contains a wave function, represented by the Greek letter psi. German physicist Max Born formulated the interpretation of psi, which is that the square of the norm of psi is the probability of finding a particle in any one particular state if we were to measure it. The concept of measurement was introduced to explain what we actually see when we make an observation. The fact is that even if it were possible for us to directly observe quantum particles, we would never see them being in superposition, we would only observe them being in one state or another. Let’s look at this in terms of the famous Schrodinger’s cat experiment. We have a box with 4 things in it, cat, a radioactive source, a detector with hammer attached and a vial of poison gas. If the detector detects radiation, the hammer will smash the vial of
Get MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/arvinash and get an exclusive offer for our viewers: an extended, month-long trial, FREE. MagellanTV has the largest and best collection of Science content anywhere, including Space, Physics, Technology, Nature, Mind and Body, and a growing collection of 4K. This new streaming service has 3000 great documentaries. Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/genres/science-and-tech In the Copenhagen interpretation, which is what is typically taught to undergraduate students, particles are in superposition. What is superposition? In quantum mechanics, there is no equation that states exactly what some properties of a particle are. They are expressed in a wave function which is part of the Schrodinger equation. This describes the shape of what looks like a wave. But this wave-particle duality doesn’t fit with our observations. So Bohr and Heisenberg interpreted the mathematics to mean that particles really are waves until they are measured. This state of multiple properties at once is called superposition. In this interpretation, the wave is not a physical wave, but a mathematical way to figure out the probability of finding a particle in a certain state. This is in contrast to DeBroglie-Bohm or pilot wave theory, named after Louis de Broglie and David Bohm, also known as Bohmian mechanics. This theory describes the wave function as real physical waves that push real particles around. They are just being guided by the wave function which evolves according to the Schrodinger equation. This theory is completely deterministic. The wave provides a set of potential trajectories, but the particle takes only one trajectory. No measurement problem and no collapse occurs because there is no superposition. How the wave guides the particle is described by a new equation that is introduced to accompany the standard Schrödinger equation - the Guiding Equati
Get MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/arvinash and get an exclusive offer for our viewers: an extended, month-long trial, FREE. MagellanTV has the largest and best collection of Science content anywhere, including Space, Physics, Technology, Nature, Mind and Body, and a growing collection of 4K. This new streaming service has 3000 great documentaries. Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/genres/science-and-tech 0:00 - What is a TOE? 2:01 - Why is the sky blue, why, why? 5:17 - Chart of unifications 8:20 - Beyond the TOE Is a theory of everything really possible? What makes us think it even exists? If we look at historical precedent, we can see that we have united seemingly completely unrelated forces and particles to a more basic set of principles. For example, celestial gravity and terrestrial gravity was united by Isaac Newton. Electricity and Magnetism were united by James Clerk Maxwell. All atoms are now known to be made of the same quarks and electrons. If a child asks you “why is the sky blue?” – The answer you might give him is because blue light scatters more in the air than other colors, and you see the more scattered color. What if he kept asking why? “Why does blue light scatter more?” and why? again and again. Eventually, you would not have an answer. A theory of everything would allow us to answer all why questions. What would a theory of everything look like? At a minimum, it should provide a theoretical basis for at least two things – a fundamental building block or particle and a fundamental force. At one time atoms were thought to be the fundamental building block, then later discoveries showed that the other particles of the standard model are fundamental. Likewise, we don’t currently have one fundamental force. Traditionally, we talk about 4. The Strong force, electromagnetism, the weak force, and gravity. Can the forces be unified? it is possible if
Get MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/arvinash and get an exclusive offer for our viewers: an extended, month-long trial, FREE. MagellanTV has the largest and best collection of Science content anywhere, including Space, Physics, Technology, Nature, Mind and Body, and a growing collection of 4K. This new streaming service has 3000 great documentaries. Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/genres/science-and-tech Link to book on Amazon: http://t.ly/sMJW QHT Paper: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.09356.pdf Non-technical Explanation: https://jespergrimstrup.org/research/quantum-holonomy-theory/ 0:00 - Does reductionism end? 2:24 - Why there probably is a final theory 7:00 - Quantum Holonomy theory 12:53 - Surprising implications of QHT Does a final theory exist that can end our reductionist probing into ever shorter distances? Or is there no end to reductionism? There should be an end point because as the object of our measurement gets small enough, the high energies needed to measure it will create a black hole. And no information can get out of a black hole. So there is a limit to measurable reality. We have united seemingly dissimilar forces in the past. For example, the unification of electricity and magnetism, and weak and electromagnetic forces. To continue this reductionism, we want a theory that unifies all known forces. Today we have two overarching theories for forces: Einstein’s Theory of General relativity for gravity, and The standard model for the electromagnetic, weak and strong force. The problem is that the standard model is a quantum field theory, but general relativity is a classical field theory. The two are not compatible. Past attempts for a theory of everything include string theory and loop quantum gravity. But string theory does not produce any falsifiable results. Its mathematics is too flexible. Loop quantum gravity only addresses gravity and not the
Go to: https://brilliant.org/ArvinAsh -- you can sign up for free! And the first 200 people will get 20% off their annual membership. 0:00 - Mote of dust 1:49 - How did life begin? 5:01 - How humans evolved 7:22 - Multiverse? 8:29 - Are we alone in the universe? 10:47 - What makes humans unique? 11:24 - What is the purpose of life? The Milky way galaxy is composed of up to 400 billion stars, and at least that many planets. Our star, the sun is one of those billions, about a third to halfway out from the galactic center. And we humans are but one of at least 9 million different forms of life on earth. What does this mean for us? Are humans of any significance, or are we just a burden on our ecosystem? How did human get here? How did life start? How did earth get here? Does the universe have a purpose? Do humans have a purpose? At first blush it would seem that we are indeed a speck of dust, of no particular cosmic significance. But let’s step back and look at how we got here. Consider the improbability of not only finding ourselves in this universe, but the formation of such a universe that would have us in the first place. The universe was born 13.8 billion years ago in a massive expansion - the big bang. It could have expanded too fast such that no structures formed. It could have expanded too slow, such that it re-collapsed into a singularity. But it expanded at just the right rate. 200 million years after the big bang the first stars formed. These were fast burning stars that burned out and exploded in supernovae explosions. They seeded the universe with heavier elements such as carbon, nitrogen, oxygen which had formed in their cores. Our own sun probably formed from such a nebula. The heavier elements that were not consumed by the =the sun, became the leftover debris that formed the planets including earth. Earth was at such a distance from its star that temperatures allowed water to exist in liquid form on its surface, makin
Get your SPECIAL OFFER for MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/arvinash - It's an exclusive offer for our viewers! Start your free trial today. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 3,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/genres/science-and-tech Why does the universe have an upper speed limit on the speed of light? Why isn’t the top limit infinite? Or what if the speed of light was not constant but changed in different reference frames? The speed of light is dependent on two fundamental properties of space, the vacuum permittivity and permeability. These are measured constants with no theory to explain them. These constants represent the resistance of space to the propagation of electromagnetic waves. Since space exhibits a resistance to EM wave propagation, this sets a finite limit to the speed of light. If this resistance was much lower or nonexistent, then the speed of light would be much faster, or perhaps infinite. The physical significance of the speed of light is that it's the upper limit of how fast information can flow. It is linked to causality and locality. If you are separated by some distance from an object. You cannot know anything about that object instantly. If information could flow instantaneously from one part of the universe to another, it would mean that an event happening at any point in the universe could affect every other point. If there were a million hypernovae at any instant in space, this could kill us instantly because we would experience them simultaneously here on earth. There would be no locality, which is the idea that objects in the universe are directly influenced only by their immediate surroundings. Einstein’s Special relativity guarantees that there is no such thing as simultaneity. How would this break causality? Consider two events. If one observer determines that A caused B, a fi
Get your SPECIAL OFFER for MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/arvinash - It's an exclusive offer for our viewers! Start your free trial today. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 3,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/genres/science-and-tech Link to Philip Ball's new book: "How to grow a human": http://t.ly/Qm4d How low in complexity can you go and still have free will. Does a bacteria have free will? Do single cells have it? What do we know about agency in living systems? I collaborated with physicist and author Philip Ball, a former editor at the prestigious journal Nature. who has written extensively on this and other subjects. What’s the difference between a living thing and one that’s not alive? Scientists don't agree. But we can say living organisms do things to suit themselves. They rearrange their surroundings for their own purposes. Even single living cells act with agendas. Macrophages in your immune system chase a bacterium across the slide, switching course as its prey tries to escape, before finally gobbling it up. But is this an anthropomorphic way of describing a biological process. Single cells don’t have minds of their own – so can they really have goals? Biologists often insist that cells and bacteria aren’t trying to do anything. it all comes down to genes, chemistry and physics – no aim or design, but which fool our narrative-obsessed minds. This is "agency" - the ability of living things to alter their environment (and themselves) with purpose, and an agenda. It might help us to understand what “free will” means. Agency supplies what genetic hard-wiring cannot. It’s not feasible to program complex living organisms for every situation they might encounter. For example, the hare is trying to escape from a wolf by being unpredictable. An organism that reacts differently in identical situations sta
Thanks to Audible for sponsoring this video! Visit http://audible.com/arvinash , or TEXT "ArvinAsh" to 500-500 to start your FREE 30 day trial. Please Support this channel by downloading the free app at the link above. Maglev video on Lesics channel: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XjwF-STGtfE 0:00 Onnes discovers "magic" 2:51 Meissner effect 4:05 What causes resistance 6:09 BCS Theory 8:11 Cooper pairs 9:11 Bose-Einstein condensate 11:28 First room temp superconductor 11:53 Maglev trains 12:25 Audible special offer In 1908, Dutch physicist Heike Onnes figured out how to turn helium gas to liquified helium for the first time. He cooled Mercury and found that all its electrical resistance went away. Electricity in a superconducting wire will continue to flow virtually forever with no added energy. Superconductors also expel magnetic fields. So if you put a magnet over a superconductor, the magnet will levitate. How is this possible? Quantum mechanics can explain. In 1933 by Walther Meissner and Robert Ochsenfeld found that when a metal is cooled while in a small magnetic field, the flux is spontaneously excluded as the metal becomes superconducting. This is known now as the Meissner effect. Superconducting materials expel magnetic flux fields. Since magnetic fields cannot pass through it, a magnet over a superconductor magnet lifts up in order for the flux to flow to the opposite pole. This is what causes levitation. In 1957 John Bardeen, Leon Cooper and John Robert Schrieffer proposed what is now called the BCS theory. We need to first understand what causes resistance in the first place. Inside of a metal, the outermost electrons in the valence shell, being furthest away from the nucleus are so free to move around that a sample of metal can be treated as a bunch of atoms surrounded by a sea of electrons. But as electrons travel through the material, the atoms, which now have slightly positive charges because they have given up an electron
Get World Class VPN service for less than $3/month: https://www.privateinternetaccess.com/arvinash - Save 77%! 30-day money back guarantee! If you use your computer on any public Wifi, or don't want to be censored from websites because of your geographic location, then this is a must. This is part 2 of a video I made 2 years ago: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KXf38mC3puE -- Many of you asked for a follow up. Take a trip to 5 beautiful countries to live in! I looked at 38 countries, and analyzed them based on the following criteria: total cost, healthcare, entertainment, safety, and the ease of getting a visa. Max budget $1750/month. Which countries of the world are affordable, enjoyable, safe, and have good health care, and are friendly for expats? I break down the pros and cons of living in the best countries on an income UNDER $2000 per month — and I even provide realistic budgets. 0:00 - Ranking Criteria 1:31 - IT 6:23 - PA 9:46 - PT 12:15 - RO 15:41 - ES I made a prior video looking at the cheapest countries to retire in for $1000/month. A lot of you asked for a follow up looking at higher budget, and "better" countries. So I looked at 38 countries that repeatedly show up on many lists of the best countries to live and retire in. IT Surrounded on three sides by the Mediterranean sea lends it a mild climate year-round. Milan, Rome, Florence, and Naples are some of the best cities. Even the smallest towns have cafes. Coffee is around $1 a cup, pasta dishes are about $10. Beer and wine start at around $5 a glass Italy’s crime rate is only one-fifth of America’s. The national health service in Italy, Servizio Sanitario Nazionale (SSN), provides residents — including expats — with free or low-cost healthcare. Private health insurance is around $100 a month. Italy's visa requirements for non-EU citizens are strict. You may be required to prove you have a certain level of income or savings to be given a residence visa. check this with an
Get your SPECIAL OFFER for MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/arvinash - It's an exclusive offer for our viewers! Start your free trial today. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 3,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/genres/science-and-tech Why does the sun shine? Why doesn't it burn out? How long will its fuel last? To a scientist living in the 18th century, he might have compared it to a log in a fireplace. When wood burns it releases about 1 ten-millionth of a trillionth of a watt per atom. 0:00 Sun's energy 5:00 How fusion happens 7:19 Quantum tunneling 8:25 Fusion chart 9:51 Where energy comes from 12:39 Why Helium is more stable 15:14 Future of sun The mass of the sun was well understood, and translates to about 10^57 atoms. This leads to a lifetime of the sun of about 20,000 years. But we know the sun is at least 4.5 billion years old. So where does the sun's energy come from? from: E=MC^2, which tells us that energy and mass are equivalent. If the sun could convert all its mass 2 x 10^30 kg to energy, it would burn for 15 trillion years! But the sun doesn’t convert all its energy to mass. It converts only about 0.7 percent of its mass to energy in a process called fusion. This is when 4 hydrogen atoms fuse to form one helium atom. And using this process, the sun will last approximately, 10 billion years. It is already middle aged. So how does fusion work? You would think that since the protons that make up the nuclei of the 4 hydrogen atoms are positively charged, they would repel each other. This is true, due to the coulomb force. This is what keeps atoms from spontaneously fusing. The protons have to overcome an energy barrier. Once they get over this barrier, and get very close to each other, the strong nuclear force takes over and glues them together. The strong nuclear force is about 100 times stron
Go to: https://brilliant.org/arvinash -- you can sign up for free! And the first 200 people will get 20% off their annual membership. Enjoy! Two new recently published, peer-reviewed scientific papers show that real warp drive designs based on real physics may be possible. They are realistic and physical, which had not been the case in the past. In a paper published in 1994, Mexican physicist Miguel Alcubierre showed theoretically that an FTL warp drive could work within the laws of physics. But it would require huge amounts of negative mass or energy. Such a thing is not known to exist. 0:00 Problem with C 2:21 General Relativity 3:15 Alcubierre warp 4:40 Bobrick & Martire solution 7:15 Types of warp drives 8:42 Spherical Warp drive 11:32 FTL using Positive Energy 13:14 Next steps 14:08 Further education Brilliant In a recent paper published by Applied Physics, authors Alexey Bobrick and Gianni Martire, outline how a physically feasible warp drive could in principle, work, without the need for negative energy. I spoke to them. They had technical input on this video. What Alcubierre did in his paper is figure out a shape that he believed spacetime needed to have in order for a ship to travel faster than light. Then he solved Einstein's equation for general relativity to determine the matter and energy he would need to generate the desired curvature. It could only work with negative energy. This is mathematically consistent, but meaningless because negative mass is not known to exist. Negative mass is not the same as anti-matter. Antimatter has positive energy and mass. Even if you could create the Alcubierre curvature, you still need to accelerate the ship to speed of light and beyond. But to go beyond C, you have to have superluminal matter, or infinite energy. This is not possible. What Bobrick and Martire figured out is that there is more than one type of warp drive. We can get to Proxima Centauri in 10 months without going faster than
Signup for your FREE trial to The Great Courses Plus here: http://ow.ly/Ri5Z30rFSmc Online Blackboard video: https://youtu.be/C0HSl7iuQB4 The holy grail of physics research is a theory of everything. But we already have a pretty good model for such a theory. It is the Standard model of particle physics. It describes all fundamental particles that we are aware of, and three of the 4 known fundamental forces, electromagnetism, strong, and weak interactions. It just doesn’t include gravity. The simple equation and chart actually represents very complex mathematical equations that can take years of graduate level study to fully understand. It was developed by hundreds of scientists over several decades. In this video, I explain the math intuitively. 0:00 - The best known theory 2:00 - The Standard Model explained 4:05 - What is a Lagrangian 5:01 - How forces interact 6:52 - How matter interacts with forces 9:32 - Higgs-boson interactions 11:25 - Higgs-matter interactions 13:23 - Summary Ordinary matter that we experience around us is really just made of 4 particles, the up and down quarks which make up the protons and neutrons in the nuclei of atoms, electrons which form a cloud around the nucleus, and a near massless particle - the electron neutrino which is created during the fusion process in stars like the sun. The other particles are rare and don’t typically exist in ordinary matter. The difference between quarks and leptons is that quarks interact with the strong nuclear force which binds the nuclei of atoms together, whereas leptons do not. The Bosons are the force carriers. The gluons carry the strong force which binds the nuclei of atoms. The W plus, W minus and Z boson carry the weak force which is responsible for some kinds of radiation. And the photons carry the electromagnetic force responsible for all electricity, magnetism and chemistry. Lastly, we have the Higgs boson which is important for giving mass to all fundamental particles
Get your SPECIAL OFFER for MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/arvinash - It's an exclusive offer for our viewers! Start your free trial today. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 3,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/genres/science-and-tech Citations: Strassman study on Mystical experiences with DMT: http://t.ly/qIgn Yaw paper on sudden cardiac arrest: http://t.ly/lFVT Lindholm paper on hypoxia: http://t.ly/FTHi Article on personal NDE experience: http://t.ly/8Zar Owen article on communicating with people in coma: http://t.ly/RMRp Borjigin paper on life flashing before your eyes: http://t.ly/ZeE9 Paper on OBE with images placed on ceiling: http://t.ly/ttJk 0:00 Claire Wineland 3:11 NDEs & drugs 5:50 Dying brain processes 7:17 Sudden death experience 7:50 Slow death experience 9:56 Life flashing before your eyes 11:23 Conclusion 12:03 What if? Most people have thought about: How does it feel to die? What is death like? In this video, I examine what science says about this. Some commonalities in what people experience are: positive emotions, meeting deceased persons, euphoria, out-of-body experiences. Why should the collective experiences of so many people be so similar? Are people’s consciousness really leaving their bodies as they are dying, or is all this a hallucination in the brain? Most people who have experienced this don't think it is an hallucination. To test the idea of people leaving their bodies and floating above it, researchers placed images on high shelves which were not visible unless you were on a ladder close to the ceiling. They then interviewed cardiac arrest survivors who had been revived in those rooms, but no one reported seeing the images. One clue about what might be happening, is that these out of body experiences sound similar to what people describe while taking psychedelic drugs lik
Get your SPECIAL OFFER for MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/arvinash - It's an exclusive offer for our viewers! Start your free trial today. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 3,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/genres/science-and-tech Arguments for fine tuning: Physics has many constants like the charge of the electron, the gravitational constant, Planck’s constant. If any of their values were different, our universe, as we know it, would not be the same, and life would probably not exist. 0:00 - Defining fine tuning 2:20 - Gravitational constant 3:59 - Electromagnetic Force 5:02 - Strong force 6:13 - Weak force 7:51 - Philosophical Arguments against fine tuning 9:36 - Scientific arguments against fine tuning 11:59 - Sentient puddle 13:29 - Does fine tuning need an agent 15:14 - Louse on the tail a lion Some say that it could not have occurred by chance, that there must be some agent, like a god that set up the constants to enable life. Let's just look at the constants associated with the different forces. Gravity: If the gravitational constant was too small, gravity would be too weak, and planets wouldn’t form. If it was too large, then stars like the sun would burn up too fast. Electromagnetism: The electromagnetic force is responsible for the distance at which electrons orbits in atoms. If the force was weaker, the atomic size would increase because electrons would be further away from the nucleus. This could impact chemistry, as it would change the strength of chemical bonds. A higher constant would lead to cooler stars and a lower constant would lead to hotter stars. If the constant was bigger, atoms larger than hydrogen atoms could not form and stars may never ignite, because protons may not have been able to overcome the coulomb barrier to fuse in the first place. Strong force: If the strong coupl
To learn subjects like this more in depth, go to: https://brilliant.org/arvinash -- you can sign up for free! And the first 200 people will get 20% off their annual membership. Enjoy! Citations: Yale research on recording wave collapse, Minev et al: http://t.ly/cX9v Bouchard et al paper on observing recoherence: http://t.ly/rOqb Quantum mechanics link to time, Smolin et al: http://t.ly/2Psj Like this stuff? Join my Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/arvinash Chapters: 0:00 - What's the problem? 1:08 - Quantum indeterminism 2:42 - What is superposition? 3:50 - How do we know this is reality? 5:03 - Switch from quantum to classical 6:06 - Quantum decoherence explained 8:52 - Is decoherence really irreversible? 11:26 - Is there a point of no return? 12:18 - How does QM determine time Summary: How does the indeterminate world of quantum mechanics, where the future isn’t fixed, become the classical predictable real world we experience? Quantum researchers argue about it even today. It's really all about time, and the boundary between the past and future. Quantum mechanics insist that the spin of particle has neither one direction or the other until we look. The very act of looking forces the universe to make a choice. All the variables that characterize the properties of an elementary particles, such as its position and momentum, are encoded in a mathematical expression called a wave function. It is just a sum of the states that the particle could be found in. This is called a superposition. By itself, the wave function doesn’t have any intuitive meaning. But the square of the wave function gives us the probability of finding that quantum object in any particular place. Prior to measurement, quantum mechanics doesn’t really tell us anything about a particle. We know this is true because particles interfere with each other prior to measurement as in the double slit experiment. In our macro world, we never see this superposition. So
Get World Class VPN service for less than $3/month: https://www.privateinternetaccess.com/arvinash - Save 77%! 30-day money back guarantee! If you use your computer on any public Wifi, or don't want to be censored from websites because of your geographic location, then this is a must. Citation: Leane and Smirnov, Physical Review Letters, 22 April 2021 (10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.161101) - https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.00015 Outro musical Artist of the week: Valentina Gribanova, "Cinematic elecronic ambient" Join my Patreon gang: https://www.patreon.com/arvinash 0:00 - Intro & sponsor 1:20 - Evidence for Dark Matter 2:25 - Detecting dark matter 3:10 - Paper by Leane & Smirnov 3:37 - What are exoplanets? 3:48 - Dark matter behavior in Exoplanets 5:22 - Smoking gun 5:52 - Why not use neutron stars 6:43 - Super-Jupiters 7:02 - How do we detect exoplanet heat? Dark Matter may be detected via Exoplanets. All the matter that is visible to us constitutes only about 18% of the total matter that we think actually exists in the universe. We know this because when all the known mass of a galaxy like the Milky Way is taken into account, the outermost stars of the galaxies are moving way too fast given the gravitational attraction that can calculated. The total gravity would be too weak to keep these stars bound within the galaxy. When you calculate what the gravity of the galaxy would need to be in order to observe the rotational speeds that we observe, you can calculate the mass that should be there, but isn’t visible. Since we can’t see it, and we don’t know what it is, we call it "dark" matter. It does not emit any light, nor interacts with ordinary things in any way that we can detect, except through gravity. Scientists have tried detecting it in liquid Xenon baths, via sensors on silicon chips, and the Large Hadron Collider in Geneva. but so far to no avail. But in a new paper published in the journal physical review letters, Physicists Rebec
To study subjects like this more in depth, go to: https://brilliant.org/arvinash -- you can sign up for free! And the first 200 people will get 20% off their annual membership. Enjoy! Background videos: Special Relativity: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZAf7FXih-Jc General Relativity: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tzQC3uYL67U Maxwell & speed of light: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FSEJ4YLXtt8 Why isn't c infinite?: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=392N-IYRepc Outro artist of the week: Nicholas Antwi (BMI), "Mysterious Synth Drum Beat" 0:00 - Why time is a dimension 1:43 - Speed of light was a problem 3:54 - How Einstein resolved problem 4:54 - Minkowski geometry 6:59 - What're world lines 7:30 - What's a light cone 9:19 - How simultaneity is relativity 10:51 - How relativity affects light cones 13:09 - Future video topic 13:35 - Course at Brilliant for further study Summary: How to visualize Minkowski four dimensional spacetime and relativity using light cones and world lines. These are three spatial dimensions and one time dimension in the universe. With these 4 coordinates, you could rendezvous with anyone anywhere in the universe. In fact these 4 dimensions can describe any event in the universe. But how did the idea of time as a dimension come about? How can we best visualize these 4 dimensions? And what really happens when space and time start doing seemingly weird things when two objects move relative to each other? In the late 1800’s, scientists had recognized that there was an inconsistency between two theories – Newton’s laws of motion, and Maxwell’s equations describing electricity and magnetism. The problem was the speed of light. Maxwell had shown that light was a self-propagating electromagnetic wave. And his theory predicted its speed to be about 300,000 km/s. The question was what would the measured speed of light be if the person measuring it was moving. According to Newton, this moving observer shou
Get your SPECIAL OFFER for MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/arvinash - It's an exclusive offer for our viewers! Start your free trial today. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 3,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/genres/science-and-tech Chapters: 0:00 - Speed of light and the past 1:24 - Cosmic Microwave Background 2:55 - What the early universe looked like 3:24 - What caused transparent universe 4:45 - Why is CMB not Gamma Rays? 5:51 - CMB - perfect Black Body 6:02 - What is a black body? 7:02 - Temperature of CMB 7:31 - Isotropy of the universe 8:15 - Why are there galaxies? 9:22 - Where did anisotropy come from? 10:14 - Evidence for cosmic inflation 11:14 - Why is the universe flat? 13:07 - Evidence for Big Bang 13:54 - Can we know anything prior to CMB? Join my Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/arvinash Outro artist of the week: Oleksandr Koltsov, "Classic House 90s Rave Music" Summary: If we look as far out as possible, we would see a uniform glow of low level radiation in all directions. This is called the cosmic microwave background, or CMB. It is the oldest light in the universe. And it can tell us a lot about its early history. Before the CMB, the universe was an opaque and featureless. About 380,000 years after the big bang, the universe cooled to around 3000 Kelvin, allowing electrons to combine with protons to form atoms. The universe then became transparent, because photons were free to travel from one end of the universe to the other, without being scattered by electrons. Why is this light from the very early universe microwave light, instead of higher energy gamma rays? 3000 K was not energetic enough to be gamma rays. In the 13.7 billion years it took for the light to reach earth, space expanded, causing the wavelength of photons to increases to microwaves. The CMB is the most p
Signup for your FREE trial to Wondrium here: http://ow.ly/f5Jw30rNLaD - Highly recommended! Explanation of light cones: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZfR1Jc6Zglo 0:00 - FTL is possible! 2:43 - Why is there a speed limit? 4:37 - Einstein's postulates 6:22 - What if speed of light was infinite? 8:29 - What if we could send instantaneous subspace signals? 13:22 - No warp drives? 14:12 - Special offer from Wondrium Further reading: Faster than light, special relativity, causality: https://t.ly/6XUe Why FTL implies time travel: https://t.ly/Yhzj How instantaneous communication violates causality: https://t.ly/sx9E How can two moving observers both experience time dilation: https://t.ly/k9T4 Summary: If you point a powerful laser at the moon, and spin it 100 times per second, the dot on the moon will move 3X the speed of light. This is ok. The maximum speed limit is not a limit with which things can move, but is a limit on the speed of causality. A cause cannot have an effect anywhere in the universe faster than the speed of light. What are the implications of having a speed limit on causality? Why is there a limit in the first place? And how would causality be broken if information could travel faster than light. Only a force can cause something. The speed of information is the speed of a force field. You can’t send information faster than the force field can change. This sets an upper limit on its speed. Light in a vacuum travels at c, the maximum speed because photons are massless. Without mass there is no restriction on its velocity. Einstein’s theory of special relativity is based on two postulates. Neither of the postulates state that FTL is impossible. Postulate 1: The laws of physics are the same in every reference frame. Postulate 2: The speed of light in a vacuum is constant, and independent of the motion of the source of that light. But what if this maximum speed was infinite, implying that the speed of light is in
Get your SPECIAL OFFER for MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/arvinash - It's an exclusive offer for our viewers! Start your free trial today. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 3,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/genres/science-and-tech Chapters 0:00 - You are a time traveler 2:32 - Spacetime & light cone review 6:15 - Flat Spacetime equations 7:03 - Schwarzschild radius, metric 8:42 - Light cone near a black hole 10:15 - How to escape black hole 10:39 - Kerr-Newman metric 11:34 - How to remove the event horizon 11:50 - What is a naked singularity 12:20 - How to travel back in time 13:26 - Problems Summary Time travel is nothing special. You’re time traveling right now into the future. Relativity theory shows higher gravity and higher speed can slow time down enough to allow you to potentially travel far into the future. But can you travel back in time to the past? In this video I first do a quick review of light cones, world lines, events, light like curves, time-like curves, and space-like curves in this video so that you can understand the rest of the video. A space like-world line means that the object has to travel faster than light. But moving anything to the speed of light requires an infinite amount of energy to accelerate. So this is not possible. Going faster than the speed of light can create scenarios that allow you to travel back in time. But since this is not physically possible, we need to figure out a clever manipulation of space time. This means we have to solve Einstein’s equations of General relativity. The simplest spacetime is a flat spacetime. The equation for this can be expressed in Cartesian or spherical coordinates. But to travel back in time we need more complex spacetime. The first solution ever presented to Einstein’s field equations was done by Karl Schwarzschild. He formula
Many thanks to our sponsor, Audible - Visit http://audible.com/arvinash , or TEXT "ArvinAsh" to 500-500 to start your FREE 30 DAY TRIAL. Support this channel AND enjoy thousands of audio books, podcasts, & originals. FREE APP DOWNLOAD at the link above. Chapters: 0:00 - Summary of metastability 1:33- Intro to energy potentials 4:08 - The shocking behavior of quantum particles 5:57 - Why a metastable universe could destroy us 7:21 - Why the Higgs potential is special 7:34 - Higgs mechanism 8:06 - Why we think the universe is metastable 8:38 - False vacuum state of Higgs 9:54 - What we would see with Higgs at true vacuum 10:31 - Why isn't everyone panicking? 11:53 - Audible offer for Arvin Ash viewers Cited paper on lifespan of metastable universe: https://journals.aps.org/prd/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevD.97.056006 Summary: Could the universe be in a metastable, or false vacuum state? Could there be a looming vacuum catastrophe waiting to happen? Is the universe doomed? This is related to the Higgs boson and the heaviest fundamental particle we know of, the top quark. All systems tend to minimize energy. Just as in the case of atoms forming molecules to lower overall energy of the system, particles also have a propensity to lower their potential energy. A very simply potential energy diagram looks like a simple parabola. The Y axis is potential energy, and the X axis represents a parameter by which potential energy varies, such as position, energy, and field value. There's a minimum, or lowest point at 0 energy on the x-axis. What if we had two minima, where one minimum was at a higher energy state than the other minimum. A physical system trying to minimize energy would always seek to fall into the lowest possible minimum. But the key is that in order to do this, it has to overcome the barrier. This is the classical picture of how potential energy works. But the world is fundamentally quantum mechanical, not classical. The Heisenberg’s un
Get your SPECIAL OFFER for MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/arvinash - It's an exclusive offer for our viewers! Start your free trial today. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 3,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/genres/science-and-tech CHAPTERS: 0:00 - What is the anomaly? 2:12 - Special offer for AA viewers 2:57 - Best theories in physics 3:46 - Why is there something instead of nothing? 5:57- Matter-antimatter creation 7:16 - Baryogenesis 8:12 - Sakharov conditions 9:15 - C and CP symmetry 11:23 - Weak force violates CP 12:02 - Baryon conservation 13:01 - Theories on matter antimatter asymmetry SUMMARY: Why are we here? Why is there something instead of nothing. Part of the answer is rooted in physics. Matter is not the simplest thing there could have been. The simplest thing In physics is nothing, the emptiness of spacetime. So why isn’t the entire universe made of nothing? According to physics, that's what the universe should be made of, because whenever matter is created, an equal amount of antimatter is also created. But when matter and antimatter meet, they annihilate each other leaving nothing. But for some reason almost everything in the visible universe is made of matter. What happened to all the antimatter? The Standard model and general relativity do not account for how we got so much matter and almost no antimatter. First, how did something come from nothing? With quantum mechanics, this “problem” has a workable solution. Nothing, or empty space has quantum fluctuations. Virtual particles are created and destroyed everywhere all the time. Empty space has energy, it can exert a force as can be seen in the Casimir effect. But when matter is created, antimatter is also created which annihilate each other. Antimatter is just like matter, except with the opposite charge. But, we would expect to see
To learn QM or quantum computing in depth, check out: https://brilliant.org/arvinash -- Their course called "Quantum computing" is one of the best. You can sign up for free! And the first 200 people will get 20% off their annual membership. Enjoy! Chapters: 0:00 - Weirdness of quantum mechanics 1:51 - Intuitive understanding of entanglement 4:46 - How do we know that superposition is real? 5:40 - The EPR Paradox 6:50 - Spooky action and hidden variables 7:51 - Bell's Inequality 9:07 - How are objects entangled? 10:03 - Is spooky action at a distance true? 10:40 - What is quantum entanglement really? 11:31 - How do two particles become one? 13:03 - What is non locality? 14:05 - Can we use entanglement for communication? 15:08 - Advantages of quantum entanglement 15:49 - How to learn quantum computing Summary: Albert Einstein described Entanglement as “spooky action at a distance,” where doing something to one of a But it's not spooky action at a distance, at all. So what is entanglement? Electrons have a quantum property called spin that makes them act like little magnets. We’ll always measure it pointing in one direction or the opposite: up or down, say. If we entangle two electrons so that their spins are always pointing in opposite directions, the two spins are said to be correlated. If we entangle the two electrons in this way – and fire them in opposite directions, we don’t know which one of the pair is up and which one is down until we make a measurement. If we find that electron 1 is spin up. We know the spin of electron 2 must be down. Why isn't this like a pair of gloves? The handedness of the gloves is there from the start. It never changes. With entangled particles that’s not the case. They are in a superposition. Prior to measurement, there is no definite answer. How do we know superposition is real? The double slit experiment is good evidence. Entangled particles are stranger, because a measurement on one particle determ
Signup for your FREE trial to Wondrium here: http://ow.ly/f5Jw30rNLaD - Highly recommended! Chapters: 0:00 - Einstein's predictions 1:51 - How wormholes are predicted 3:39 - Kip Thorne time travel thought experiment 6:55 - Why don't we see time travelers now? 7:25 - Could black holes be wormholes? 8:35 - Could we create wormholes? 9:15 - What is negative mass? 10:19 - Proposals to create wormholes 11:15 - Why the NOW is precious References: Maldacena and Milekhin paper: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.06618.pdf Detecting wormholes in centers of galaxies: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2008.09411.pdf Making wormholes using black holes: https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.03273 How to build a wormhole with cosmic strings: https://t.ly/TWS3 Summary: Traveling forward in time is not a problem. You're doing that now. Can we travel backward in time? There is a theoretically possible way to do it using wormholes. One solution to general relativity predicts an Einstein Rosen bridge, which is a type of wormhole. If this is real, they could also allow us to travel back in time. Einstein’s field equations are nothing but a tool to understand how matter affects the curvature of spacetime and how spacetime affects matter. So we can imagine almost any creative spacetime curvature that results in a worm hole, and then by solving the field equations figure out how the matter in this spacetime must be configured to obtain that desired curvature. One solution can form a spacetime curvature that is like a tunnel or shortcut between two points in space. These points can in principle be very far apart in space, or they can also be different points far apart in time. By traversing this wormhole, you can effectively travel faster than the speed of light. Caltech physicist Kip Thorne came up with a thought experiment to achieve this: Imagine in the year 2200, we create a stable and traversable wormhole in a lab on earth. We then take one end of the wormhole and place it on a
Get your SPECIAL OFFER for MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/arvinash - It's an exclusive offer for our viewers! Start your free trial today. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 3,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/genres/science-and-tech Chapters: 0:00 - Why there is an "Information barrier" 3:04 - Ocean wave analogy 4:46 - Gravitational waves are cosmic Tsumanis 5:45 - How are gravitational waves detected? 8:37 - What caused the gravitational wave background? 10:19 - What would the gravitational background reveal? 10:54 - Future gravitational detectors Summary: The information that we know about the universe comes almost exclusively from the analysis of electromagnetic radiation. But there is only so much this light can reveal because there is an inherent barrier. The oldest light that we can detect comes 380,000 years after the Big Bang - Cosmic Microwave background, or CMB. We don’t have access to information about the universe any earlier than 380,000 years after the big bang. But light is not the only thing that can carry information. According to the latest cosmology models, there should be a gravitational wave background. This background would have occurred within the first second of the big bang so it would give us information that is almost as old as the big bang. It could reveal the secrets of creation. If you were in a house near the beach and the sea was calm, you could conclude that the wind must be gentle. If you saw the waves becoming bigger, you could conclude that somewhere the wind must have picked up, because a storm far away can form strong waves which can travel very far. So, the reason for the high waves could be a storm far away, or there could be some strong wind nearby. This is analogous to how it is with gravitational waves. We cannot feel the reason for the gravitational waves, but kn
(To study Quantum Computing in depth, go to: https://brilliant.org/arvinash -- you can sign up for free! And the first 200 people will get 20% off their annual membership. The Brilliant course, "Quantum Computing" is one of the best offered online today! Enjoy! Chapters: 0:00 - Quantum Computers 0:55 - Common computer components 2:51 - What is a Transistor? 3:20 - What is a qubit? 6:07 - Advantages of superpositions 6:40 - How does a quantum computer compute? 7:30 - Quantum algorithms 8:54 - What kinds of problems can Q computers solve? 10:32 - Why are quantum computers difficult to build? 11:50 - Is the universe a giant computer? Summary: (This is part 1 or at least a 2 part series on quantum computing. Each video will be successively more in-depth.) Classical and quantum computers share many general components - power supply, data storage, RAM memory, motherboard, but they differ in the way the central processing unit (CPU) works. A classical CPU is made from transistors, which is like an on/off switch. If it is on, then it’s like the number 1 or true. If it is off it’s like the number 0 or false. This is what binary means. A transitor represents a binary bit. Quantum computers do not use binary bits, they use quantum bits or qubits. What is a Qubit? It is a bit in a superposition of 1 and 0. What does superposition mean? Quantum theory shows that quantum objects such as electrons, prior to measurement, are in multiple states at the same time. So something like the spin of an electron, which is a measurement of its intrinsic angular momentum, when measured is either up or down. When not measured, it is in both states of up and down. This is what superposition is. If you visualize a qubit as a sphere, a classical bit can be 1 or 0 - the north pole or south pole. But a qubit can be in any place on the surface of this sphere depending on the superposition. A single qubit can be any mixture of 1 and 0, so the possible values are infinite! S
Get your SPECIAL OFFER for MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/arvinash - It's an exclusive offer for our viewers! Start your free trial today. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 3,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/genres/science-and-tech Background videos: Quantum Field theory: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jlEovwE1oHI Quantum mechanical model of the atom: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fP2TAw7NnVU Chapters: 0:00 - The beginning of science 2:07 - Magellan offer 2:30 - Classical physics 3:40 - What is a black body? 4:24 - The Ultraviolet catastrophe 5:30 - Solution by Max Planck - Planck's law 7:03 - Why electrons should hit the nucleus 8:04 - The Bohr model of the atom 9:48 - A problem with Schrodinger's equation 10:30 - The Dirac equation and quantum field theory 11:51 - Is the universe Probabilistic or deterministic? 12:58 - What would a non-quantum universe look like? Summary: What do we think the universe is quantum? What if the universe was not quantized? Classical mechanics was doing just fine after Isaac Newton reduced nearly all mechanical phenomena to a single powerful equation: F=MA, James Clerk Maxwell also solved the mystery of electricity and magnetism. Classical physics is continuous. This means you can always keep dividing things into smaller pieces. But scientists realized that classical physics had some major flaws because certain phenomena could not be explained, like the color of a hot glowing body. In 1900, Lord Rayleigh and James Jeans had used experimental data to come up with a law for how all objects emit electromagnetic radiation. The problem was that according to their theory a black body will send out energy in any frequency range allowed by the temperature. But for very energetic objects at temperatures above 5000 Kelvin, their theory predicts that the object should radiate a
Signup for your FREE trial to Wondrium here: http://ow.ly/9Rti30rNLcn - Highly recommended! Background videos: "What makes a Quantum computer so powerful?": https://youtu.be/RCj_BJ6BddM Chapters: 0:00 - What is a transistor? 1:40 - Review of computer components 2:58 - Intel 4004 processor 5:08 - How CPU and ALU processes information 6:56 - How logic gates work and are constructed 9:22 - How are two numbers added? 13:02 - How do quantum computers work? 16:56 - How to learn quantum computing in depth Summary: Any device that you might be watching this video on is made possible by something similar to a simple light switch. It's either on or off. Yes, or no, true or false - a transistor. The brain of your computer, called the CPU or central processing unit, is made up of billions of transistors. How does a computer work? The main component of a computer, that actually computes, is called the central processing unit, or CPU. The computational part of the CPU is called the ALU or arithmetic logic unit. ALU is composed of logic gates. Logic gates consist of groups of transistors. These logic gates do the actual computation in CPUs. In this video, we look more closely inside a CPU. We look at the first commercially available processor called the Intel 4004. It was a 4-bit processor. This means it could work with inputs formed by 4 bits. Thus, the processor could accept an input like 1011. This is also called a word. A word is an object made from 1’s and 0’s with which the CPU works. The Intel 4004 used 4-bit words, and consisted of 2250 transistors (Modern processors are 64-bit and consist of billions of transistors). Instruction tell the ALU how to process the inputs. How does an ALU work? If we want to add two numbers, 2 and 3, first these numbers will be represented by 4 binary bits. In binary code, 2 is 0010 and 3 is 0011. These are the input bits, also called operands. To add them together, the instruction code must tell the ALU to add
To learn about AI Neural Networks in depth, go to: https://brilliant.org/arvinash -- you can sign up for free! And the first 200 people will get 20% off their annual membership. Videos referenced: Penrose Orch-Or theory of consciousness: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bqk1oL42r5s Quantum computing: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RCj_BJ6BddM Chapters: 0:00 - AI in science fiction 1:09 - AI challenges 2:42 - Turing test 3:46 - computer consciousness 4:17 - Machine learning 6:00 - Theory of mind 7:39 - Can AI be creative? Alphago 10:19 - Can AI be self aware? 12:35 - Global Workspace Theory & Integrated information theory 13:34 - Can we become AI? 14:18 - Quantum consciousness 15:04 - Post biological 16:49 - Learn about neural networks Summary: It’s relatively easy to make an AI that can beat a human at chess, because that’s a well defined task. The machine can figure out the best next move by crunching through all the possible moves and counter moves. This is a task beyond the human mind, but not difficult for a fast computer. But translating languages or understanding text is a tougher challenge, because you often need knowledge about context. Alan Turing, a pioneer of computer science and early AI, suggested in 1950 that an ability to hold a convincing conversation could be a litmus test for whether machines can truly think. This is known as the Turing Test. But most scientists working in AI today don’t think it's a useful measure of anything about machine minds. Turing suggested that it would be better to create AI the way we teach children. And that is about how machine learning works. In machine learning, a set of training data is fed into the artificial neural network, and the connections between the nodes of the network are adjusted until they produce the output we’re looking for. What machine-learning AI lacks is common sense. But it’s very hard to pin down what common sense actually is. When we make decisions in a soci
FreeView of Magellan Video: https://www.magellantv.com/series/secrets-of-quantum-physics-4k/let-there-be-life Get your SPECIAL OFFER for MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/arvinash - It's an exclusive offer for our viewers! Start your free trial today. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 3,000+ documentaries! Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTV’s exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/genres/science-and-tech Background videos: Wave collapse and decoherence: https://youtu.be/wXJ9eQ7qTQk Intro to quantum fields: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jlEovwE1oHI Become an ArvinAsh Patron: https://www.patreon.com/bePatron?u=17543985 Chapters: 00:00 - World is quantized 2:17 - How de Broglie found particle wave duality 4:30 - Is a photon a wave or particle? Double slit experiment 7:59 - What is the wave function 9:57 - What is a particle intuitively? 10:34 - Why don't large things behave like quantum objects? 11:07 - What is de Broglie wavelength? 13:50 - What is a particle? Summary: By the end of 1905, we had two big new equations in physics. Max Planck’s, Energy equals Planck’s constant times the frequency, and Einstein’s Energy equals the mass times the speed of light squared. A young physicist, Louis Debroglie decided to combined them: MC^2 = hf, Since c and h are constants, if you ignore them, it simplifies to M = f – mass is essentially equal to frequency. But how can mass equal frequency because these are two completely different things. Mass is associated with particles. Frequency is associated with a wave. Waves like water waves and sound waves can disappear, but the particles doing the waving would still be there. What is doing the waving in quantum objects? Quantum mechanics says that that the particle is not only a particle but is also a wave. They are not separate. This duality can be demonstrated with the double slit experiment. The original experiment done b
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