The Mughal Empire was a Muslim kingdom that spread out of the southern area of today's Uzbekistan in the early 1500s. Within a relatively short time, the Mughals, under their first emperor, Babur, had expanded to include present-day Afghanistan, Kashmir, and most of modern Pakistan, as well as the area around the Indian city of Delhi down the Ganges River to the border of what is now Bangladesh. Over the next one hundred and eighty years, the empire grew to encompass most of the Indian subcontinent except the far south, and much of modern Pakistan and Bangladesh. Its three greatest conquerors were Babur (who reigned from 1526-30), Akbar (from 1556-1605) and Aurangzeb (r. 1658-1707).