Architecture in Europe since 1945 Millions of homeless, flattened towns, ruined transport: these were the problems which faced Europe after the war. In England someone said: 'We had a grim gratitude to the Luftwaffe for clearance we might not have had the courage to undertake ourselves even at the height of the blitz plans were being made to rebuild and build anew. What happened to these plans is the theme of the next three programmes.